332 



THE lOUNG NATUEALTST. 



UPPER WHARFEDA.LE. 



ITS PHYSICAL FEATURES AND 

 FAUNA. 



(Continued from page 327J 



Reptiles and Fishes. 



Of the reptiles and amphibians — or the 

 lizards, snakes, newts, frogs, and toads — 

 not one species has so far been reported, 

 common as most of them are sure to be. 



Of the fishes only two species are known- 



48. Trout.— Abundant in the Wharfe and all its 

 tributary streams. 



49. Minnow. — In small stroams at Kilnsey. 



There can be little doubt that other 

 species of fish occur, and will be found 

 when looked for, though the district is too 

 elevated to permit of the list being a very 

 long one. 



MOLLUSCA. 



The mollusca — or snails and slugs — are 

 somewhat better known than are the other 

 departments of natural history, but much 

 work has yet to be done before we can 

 plume ourselves on knowing the mollusca 

 of the district. So far as our knowledge of 

 this section of the fauna goes, however, it is 

 seen to be characteristic of an elevated 

 limestone region such as Upper Wharfedale 

 happens to be. Such species as Balia. 

 jienersd and Helix ni^estris and the variety 

 duHa of Clausilia rugosa, mark the in- 

 fluence which is exercised by the elevation 

 or altitude of the district, they being mon- 

 tane or subalpine species which do not 

 descend into the lowlands, thinning out in 

 numbers and degenerating in size and con- 

 dition even in such a locality as Ilkley. 

 Then such species as Helix lapieida, and 

 Pupa secale show that the district is of a 

 limestone formation ; they are in Upper 

 Wharfedale in profusion, and do not occur 

 at all in localities deficient of calcareous 

 soil. We now give list of shells :— 



50. Arion ater.— The Black Slug. Haa been noted 

 on Kilnsey Scar slopes. 



51. A. HORTENSis.— Grassington Bridge. 



52. LiMAX AGRESTis.— Common Field Slug. Abun- 

 dant everywhere. 



53. L. ARBORUM.— Has been taken by Mr. Wm. Nel- 

 son at Threshfield. 



54. SucciNEA puTRis.— The Amber Snail. Has oc- 

 curred inlLittondale. 



55. ZoNiTEs CELLARius.— Has been found at Coni- 

 Btone-in-Kettlewelldale. 



56. Z. ALLiARicrs.— Has been found by Mr. George 

 Roberts between Amcliffe and Grassington. 



67. Z. GLABER.— Has been found at Threshfield by 

 Mr. Nelson. 



58. Z. NiTiDTJLtrs.— Ghaistrillg. 



59. Helix nemoralis.— Has been found at Ghais- 

 tri Is and near Hebden. 



60. H. HORTENSIS. — Is in great profusion at Kilnsey 

 Scar and in lanes near Kilnsey Bridge ; also at Mason 

 Plains, near Grassiogton, and at Conistone. 



61. H. Arbtjstoeum.— Like-wise swarms at Kilnsey 

 Bridge and Kilnsey Scar, in company with the last. Is 

 also in Grass Wood and at Conistone. Of its varieties 

 there are flavescent and pallida, while the specimens of 

 the typical form are very small in size. 



62. H. RXJEESCENS.— Very abundant everywhere; at 

 Kilnsey Scar, at Conistone in Grass Wood, at Ghaistrills, 

 near Grassington, and at Threshfield. 



63. H. coNCiNNA.— "Was abundant in Littondale in 

 1872. 



64. H. HispiDA.— Abundant in Littondale and at 

 AmcHffe Cote, has also been found at Ghaistrills, 



65. H. FUSCA.— Occurs in Grass Low Wood. 



06. H. ERiCETORUM.— Inhabits the hazel copse above 

 Ghaistrills 



67. H. EOTUNDATA.— Abundant everywhere : in Litton- 

 dale, at Conistone, in Grass Wood. 



68. H. EUPESTEls.— A montane form. Very abundant ; 

 Kilnsey Scar, Conistone, AmcUffe, Grassington, Thresh- 

 field, Bumsall, Penyghent, Grass Wood, &c. 



69. H.LAPiciDA. — Abundant on Kilnsey Scar. Occurs 

 also at Thrshfield, Grassington, Linton, and Arncliffe. 



( 70. BuLiMus OBSCURUS. — Grass Wood. 



71. Pupa secale.— The Eev. W. C. Heyhasfoound it 

 on Kettlewell Crags. 



72. Pupa umbilic at a. —Abundant at Kilnsey Scar. 



73. Balia perversa.— Abundant at Grassington. 



74. Clausilia rugosa.— Abundant everywhere. Lin- 

 ton, Burnsall, Threshfield, Kilnsey Scar, Grassington, 

 Conistone, and Ghaistrills, &c. 



75. Do. Variety dubia.— Kettlewell Crags, Amcliffe, 

 Conistone, Grass Wood, &o. ; not uncommon. 



76. 0. LAMiNATA.— Has occurred once between Amclifle 



