348 



THE lOUNG NATURALIST. 



brous brown colour and very hairy, but some 

 specimens are rather lighter than others. 

 The larvae of the second brood are full fed 

 about the middle of July, but numbers hy- 

 bernate before they are half grown, and 

 continue to feed next spring and emerge in 

 May, thus forming a first brood. 



Pupa. — The caterpillar spins an oval- 

 shaped smoky white cocoon mixed with its 

 hairs, wherein it changes to a yellowish 

 white pupa which afterwards turns black. 



The moth is double-brooded, and appears 

 in May and August, and is diurnal in its 

 habits. The scientific name is Arctia fuligi- 

 nosa. — W. Harcourt Bath, Birmingham. 



(We print these notes on the Ruby Tiger 

 as they are sent to us, with a view to elicit 

 additional information. Further north the 

 insect is only single brooded, and the full- 

 fed larva hybernates. We would' be glad 

 of notes from observers further south than 

 Birmingham, and also from Scotland or the 

 north of England. Will Mr. Bath also kind- 

 ly tell us what becomes of those of the 

 second brood that feed up in the middle of 

 July. He scarcely appears to show two dis- 

 tinct broods, but rather that part of the larv^ 

 feed up and the imagines emerge in August, 

 while the remainder grow slowly to feed up 

 in spring. Are the August imagines barren ? 

 —Eds. Y.N.) 



BUTTERFLIES. 



12. ARGYNNIS PAPHIA. 



The Silver-washed Fritillary. — Per- 

 haps the commonest of the Fritillaries, and 

 found in almost every large wood in the 

 country. It flies at the end of June or in 

 July. It passes the winter as a small larva, 

 but is seldom seen in that state. It feeds 

 on dog violet. The pupa of this and follow^ 

 ing species are suspended by the tail only. 



13. ARGYNNIS ADIPPE. 



The High Brown Fritillary. — Not so 

 common as the last, but occurring in similar 

 places and appearing at the same time. It 

 is much more abundant in the south than 

 in the north, and rarely occurs in Scotland. 

 It feeds on violets, and hybernates as a 

 young larva. 



14. ARGYNNIS AGLAIA. 



The Dark Green FRixr lary. — Almost, 

 if not quite, as common as Paphia, appearing 

 at the same time and in similar localities. 

 The last two are very much alike and not 

 easy for a beginner to separate, but Adippe 

 has a row of red spots between the two 

 outer rows of silver spots that are wanting 

 in Aglaia. 



15. ARGYNNIS LATHONIA. 



The Queen of Spain. — One of the great- 

 est rarities. Seldom found far from the 

 coast in the south of England only. It is 

 most frequently found in August and Sep- 

 tember, but it is probable that nearly all 

 the specimens taken in England are immi- 

 grants. Why it fails to establish itself is 

 not easy to determine. It may be readily 

 recognized from all other fritillaries by the 

 silver spots on the underside, which are 

 very large and brilliant. 



16. ARGYNNIS SELENE. 



The Small Pearl-bordered Fritil- 

 lary. — A wood butterfly, occurring proba- 

 bly in every large wood in England, and 

 equally widely distributed in Scotland and 

 Ireland. It appears on the wing in May, 

 and an odd larva sometimes passes through 

 its changes and emerges in autumn. The 

 larva is rarely found ; it feeds on dog violet. 



17. ARGYNNIS EUPHROSYNE. 

 The Pearl-bordered Fritillary. — Also 

 a wood butterfly, and even commoner than 

 the last. It emerges in May and continues 

 on the wing during June. The larva, which 

 is not often met wich, it feeds on dog violet.j 

 (To he continued.) 



