374 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



well to say that the British dispar was larger 

 then the Continental form, and the spots in 

 the female were larger. 



43. LYC^NA PHL-EA.S. 



The Small Copper. — This hrilliant little 

 gem is an abundant insect everywhere. It 

 appears on the wing as early as April, and 

 there appears to be at least three broods 

 during the season, and it may be taken as 

 late as October. It passes the winter as a 

 small larva, and it is a fine exercise for the 

 patience of the young collector, to hunt for it 

 in the early spring, on the dock. The 

 Butterfly for larva) may be found in lanes, 

 on railway embankments or other waste 

 places. 



ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



By S. L. MosLEY. 

 {Continued from page 365.) 



VI.— Insects injurious to Fruit 

 Crops. 



Apple. — Ameeican Blight (Schizmeura 

 lanigera.) The presence of this insect may 

 be known by the white cottony growth upon 

 the parts affected. It is troublesome when 

 once established. 



Eemedieb — The main point is not to neg- 

 lect the blight on its first appearance, when a 

 strong wash of soap-suds is often enough to 

 disperse the insects. For stronger attacks 

 a wash of tobacco water is recommended, and 

 afterwards smearing the affected parts with a 

 paint made of soft soap and lime. 



Apple Aphis {Aphis mali). — This kind 

 affects the leaves, and may be known from 

 the last by being black, and without the 

 white cottony appearance. 



Kemedies. — Syringing with tobacco water, 

 or brushing with soap-suds. 



Codling Moth {Ca/rpoccvpoa pomonma.) — 

 This moth is a tortri^, and the larva eats 



into the heart of apples and pears rendering 

 them unfit for use. 



Remedies. — The best plan is to examine 

 trunks of trees, walls, &c., every morning in 

 June and July, for the newly-hatched moths 

 and destroy them. Sometimes a smart shake 

 will dislodge apples which have grubs in, and 

 these should be gathered and destroyed at 

 once; The pupa may be found under a web 

 in crevices of the bark through the winter. 



Mussel Scale (^Aspidiotus conchiformis.) — 

 This is a scale insect. The scale is shaped 

 something like a minature mussel. It attacks 

 the bark of apple and pear. 



Remedies. — Soaking the parts with soap- 

 suds, and scraping with a blunt knife or 

 piece of coarse canvas. Other remedies are 

 soft soap mixed with water and flour of sul- 

 pher; clay made into a paint, to which a 

 little sulphur has been added. 



Apple-Blossom Weevil (AntJumomus po- 

 moTim). — The beetle eats the unopened 

 flower buds, preventing them from coming to 

 maturity: 



Remedies. — Clearing away any rubbish or 

 loose bark that may harbour the insect in 

 winter. Placing tar or other nauseous sub- 

 stance round the bottom of the stem to pre- 

 vent the beetles crawling up at the time of 

 egg laying ; that is just before the flower- 

 buds open. 



Wintek Moth {Cheimatohia hnmata), — 

 The larva of this moth feeds on various trees, 

 and is sometimes troublesome in orchards. 



Remedies. — The females of this moth are 

 wingless, and their ascent up the tree can be 

 easily prevented by placing tarred bandages 

 round the tree trunk. The moths appear 

 October to January. 



Gooseberry. — Sawely {Nematus Hie- 

 sii.) The grub of this fly is very troublesome 

 to gooseberry and currant, sometimes devas- 

 tating the trees of their leaves. 



Remedies. — The best remedy is to watch 

 for the appearance of the young grubs when 

 they just begin to eat holes in the leaves. By 



