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Var. i. With the fascia of the anterior wings spreading towards the base, 

 and forming an irregular patch occuping the greater portion of the disc of 

 the wing ; posterior wings with three round red spots in lieu of the fascia. 



I have a variety from Scotland, in which the fulvous band is entirely want- 

 ing; and the fore-wings, in lieu of the red markings, have four black spots 

 in white rings. 



Epiphron is supposed to be distinguished from Cassiope by the black spots 

 having white centres, but the Scotch specimens are as often without them as 

 with these white centres, which, according to Dr. Staudinger, are found in 

 the female. The Scotch specimens are larger than the English, and darker 

 in colour. The fulvous markings are not so much of a band, but would be 

 better described as a series of fulvous spots, divided by the wing rays, and 

 having black middles, sometimes with white centres. Sometimes, however, 

 these marks do form a band, while English specimens occasionally have it 

 divided into spots. There are two other named varieties : Melampus, occur- 

 ring on the Alps, which has scarcely any black spots ; and Pyrenaria, occur- 

 ring on the Pyrenees, which is larger than type, and has larger ocelli. 



The egg is laid singly, standing on end, on grass stems, and is in shape 

 cylindrical, being twice as long as it is wide, the sides with delicate and regu- 

 lar tranverse reticulations, and the shell is slightly glossy. When first laid, 

 it is of a bright yellow colour, but afterwards becomes duller, and is after- 

 wards blotched pretty evenly all over with circular patches of small pale 

 brown dots. (Rev. J. Hellins). 



The newly-hatched caterpillars are flesh coloured, with ochreous flesh 

 coloured heads, a faint purplish-grey tinge showing through the skin of their 

 bodies. When older, they become of a grass- green colour, with numerous 

 darker green longitudinal lines shading into the ground colour, and with a 

 well-defined white line along each side in the region of the spiracles, which 

 are brown. It is short and stout, with the swelling in a curve; the head is 

 globular, and the tail as two short spines. It feeds on Nardus stricta and 

 other grasses. 



The chrysalis is little more than three-eighths of an inch in length, rather 

 thick in proportion, being less dumpy in form than Hyperanthus, but more 

 so than Blandina. The colour of the back of the thorax and wing cases is 

 of a light green, rather glaucous ; the rest of it is of a pale drab. 



The butterfly is met with in June and July in swampy places at a con- 

 siderable height, varying with the locality, and the particular variety of the 

 species. The caterpillars, like those of the rest of the family, hybernate, 

 when small, at the roots of grasses, and feed up in the following spring. 



It inhabits many of the mountain ranges of Central Europe, including 



