Yol.  49.] 
ANNIVERSARY  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 
69 
been  effected  subsequently.  Hence  we  may  call  it  4  post-glacial  ’  as 
far  as  that  district  is  concerned,  although  glacial  conditions  most 
likely  still  prevailed  in  the  mountainous  regions  of  the  north  and 
north-west.  The  uppermost  beds  were  found  to  contain  Elephas 
(?  primigenius),  Equv.s  caballus ,  Bostaurus ,  var.  primigenins,  Cervus, 
sp.,  and  Arvicola ,  sp.  Below  this  was  a  loam  with  seeds  and  shells. 
There  was  nothing  especially  Arctic  in  the  plants,  which  were 
mainly  of  marsh-  and  aquatic  species  ;  but  the  discovery,  due  to 
Mr.  Clement  Reid,  of  the  hawthorn  as  a  fossil  for  the  first  time  in 
Britain  was  a  fact  of  considerable  interest. 
Of  approximately  the  same  age  as  the  St.  Cross  beds  are  those  now 
celebrated  deposits  in  Endsleigh  Street,  where  l)r.  Hicks  last  year 
discovered  the  remains  of  Mammoth,  associated,  as  at  St.  Cross,  with 
the  bones  of  Deer,  Horse,  and  Yole.  In  this  case  also  the  accom¬ 
panying  flora  contained  no  typically  Arctic  plants,  but  such  as  extend 
at  the  present  time  from  the  Arctic  Circle  to  the  South  of  Europe. 
That  the  climate,  even  in  the  Thames  Yalley,  was  then  cold  the 
Author  had  no  doubt,  and  he  observed  that  farther  north  the  con¬ 
ditions  were  such  as  are  considered,  in  part  at  least,  characteristic 
of  the  Glacial  period.  The  most  natural  inference  from  these 
statements  and  from  the  known  facts  of  the  case  is  that  the  Ends¬ 
leigh  Street  deposits  are  of  early  4  post-glacial  ’  age.  Dr.  Hicks, 
however,  felt  sure  that  the  beds  above  the  mammaliferous  loam 
cannot  be  classed  as  post-glacial  river-deposits,  and  he  rather  favoured 
the  notion  that  they  might  be  an  extension  of  the  Chalky  Boulder- 
clay  of  the  higher  grounds,  an  opinion  not  justified  by  any  marked 
lithological  similarity. 
There  are  about  half  a  dozen  papers  which  deal  with  the  Boulder- 
clay  and  Northern  Drift  of  South-eastern  England,  north  of  the 
Thames.  Mr.  Rowe,  in  describing  the  rocks  of  the  Essex  Drift, 
comments  on  the  absence  of  granite,  while  quartz-porphyrites  and 
felspar-porphyrites,  as  he  calls  them,  are  abundant ;  but  the  most 
plentiful  rocks  are  the  dolerites,  some  of  which  resemble  the  whin- 
sill,  whereas  the  basalts  are  stated  to  be  like  those  of  Scandinavia. 
The  sandstones  are  chiefly  of  Carboniferous  age,  but  there  are  some 
from  the  Spilsby  Beds  of  South  Lincolnshire,  such  as  are  known  to 
be  abundant  in  the  Boulder-clay  of  West  Norfolk.  Most  of  the 
limestones  belong  to  the  Jurassic  Series. 
How  far  this  Author  is  correct  in  assuming  the  basalts  of  the 
Essex  Drift  to  be  like  those  of  Scandinavia  may  be  regarded  as  an 
open  question.  There  has  been  a  laudable  desire  for  some  years 
