Vol.  49.]  ANNIVERSARY  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  89 
AYe  now  come  to  the  Basement  Boulder-clay,  and  this,  in  the 
Author’s  opinion,  represents  the  earliest  glaciation  affecting  the 
eastern  side  of  England.  That  which  is  known  as  the  Lower  Clay 
of  Elamborough  is  the  northward  continuation  of  the  Basement 
Clay  of  Holderness.  It  is  now  quite  clear  that,  although  it  includes 
the  scrapings  of  a  boulder-strewn  sea-bottom,  the  clay  cannot  on 
this  account  be  reckoned  marine.  It  is  essentially  the  product  of 
laud-ice  which  seems  to  have  crept  in  upon  the  land  from  the 
north-east.  Besides  other  evidence  for  the  non-existence  of  earlier 
glacial  beds,  Mr.  Lamplugh  refers  to  the  repeated  occurrence  of 
transported  masses  of  Secondary  rocks  in  the  Basement  Clay,  show¬ 
ing  that  the  marine  deposits  torn  up  by  the  ice  of  that  particular 
period  rested  upon  a  platform  of  Secondary  rocks  and  not  upon 
older  glacial  beds.  Neither  transported  Secondary  rocks  nor  shelly 
masses  of  sea-bottom  have  yet  been  observed  in  any  of  the  higher 
Boulder-clays.  He  therefore  concurs  in  the  later  results  of  Mr.  Wood 
with  respect  to  the  Basement  Clay,  and  regards  it  as  the  product 
of  the  earlier  (c  major’)  glaciation  and  roughly  equivalent  to  the 
Cromer  Till. 
The  origin  and  correlation  of  the  beds  between  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Boulder-clays  on  Elamborough  Head  constitute  at  once  the 
most  difficult  and  most  important  of  the  problems  presented  by  the 
sections.  It  is  here  that  Mr.  Lamplugh  differs  so  materially  from 
previous  writers,  and  since  he  concludes  that  the  4  Intermediate 
Series  ’  of  Elamborough  passes  laterally  into  the  Purple  Boulder-clay 
of  Holderness,  the  proofs  will  be  strictly  challenged  when  we  bear 
in  mind  how  little  these  have  in  common.  The  sections  north  of 
Bridlington  Quay  show  clearly,  he  says,  that  in  spite  of  the  apparent 
difference,  the  stratified  beds  are  really  equivalent  to  the  Purple 
Boulder-clay,  since  we  can  trace  the  greater  portion  of  the  clay 
until  it  is  shredded  out  and  merged  with  the  bedded  loam  and  gravel. 
Although  this  equivalence  only  holds  good  in  a  general  way,  yet, 
broadly  speaking,  the  great  mass  of  the  Purple  Clay  may  be  said  to 
resolve  itself,  in  the  Elamborough  sections,  into  stratified  deposits. 
That  portion  of  the  ‘  Intermediate  Series  ’  on  the  crest  of  the 
escarpment  at  Speeton,  described  by  Messrs.  Wood  and  Pome  as 
denudation-gravels  of  post-Glacial  age  and  supposed  by  them  to  have 
been  formed  during  a  great  submergence,  is  really  due  to  the 
melting  on  the  spot  of  the  Purple  Clay  ice.  This  was  Mr.  Wood’s 
final  opinion,  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  the  late  Prof.  Carvill 
Lewis. 
VOL.  XLIX. 
9 
