Vol.  49*] 
ANNIVERSARY  ADDRESS  OP  THE  PRESIDENT. 
107 
But  the  chief  discoveries  of  Badiolarian  ooze  were  made  iu  the 
Central  Pacific,  within  the  tropics,  between  the  Sandwich  Islands 
and  Tahiti.  Considerable  depths  exist  here  also,  though  Dr. 
Tturrav’s  Synoptical  Table  reveals  some  curious,  one  might  almost 
say  anomalous,  results  with  reference  to  the  distribution  of  Globi- 
g e-Ana- ooze  and  Badiolarian  ooze  in  this  area.  For  instance,  at 
station  Xo.  270,  which  is  situated  about  north  of  the  Equator, 
the  surface-temperature  being  79|°  F.  and  the  depth  2925  fathoms, 
a  GlobigeAna- ooze  containing  65  per  cent,  of  calcareous  Foraminifera 
and  only  5  per  cent,  of  Badiolaria  occurs ;  while  at  station  Xo.  273, 
which  is  about  5°  south  of  the  Equator,  the  surface-temperature 
being  80§°  F.  and  the  depth  only  2350  fathoms,  the  floor  of  the  ocean 
was  found  to  consist  of  Badiolarian  ooze  containing  no  more  than 
1  per  cent,  of  calcareous  Foraminifera,  30  per  cent,  of  Badiolaria  and 
Diatoms,  and  a  large  amount  of  amorphous  matter.  This  is 
certainly  reversing  the  ordinary  conditions  in  a  remarkable  manner, 
when  we  find  in  the  same  part  of  the  ocean,  at  points  separated  by 
only  7°  of  latitude,  two  deposits,  of  which  the  one,  composed  princi- 
pallv  of  calcareous  organisms,  lies  deeper  by  nearly  600  fathoms  than 
the  Badiolarian  ooze  of  the  other  station.  Furthermore,  throughout 
this  great  area  of  Badiolarian  ooze,  while  the  general  depth  may  be 
about  2700  fathoms,  the  very  deepest  sounding  taken  is  just  the  one 
which  is  represented  as  containing  71  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime. 
To  take  an  example  from  the  Indian  Ocean,  there  is  the  case  of 
the  Badiolarian  ooze  between  Zanzibar  and  the  Seychelles,  a  sample 
of  which  was  brought  up  from  a  depth  of  2200  fathoms  by  Capt. 
Pullen  of  the  ‘  Cyclops  ’  many  years  ago.  This  was  stated  by  Ehren- 
berg  to  be  a  mass  of  almost  pure  Polycystbice ,  such  as  no  sample 
of  a  deep-sea  deposit  had  hitherto  shown,  and  it  was  particularly 
noticeable  that  in  the  whole  of  this  mass  of  living  forms  no  cal¬ 
careous  tests  were  to  be  seen.1  Unless,  therefore,  any  doubt  attaches 
to  the  accuracy  of  these  results,  we  are  entitled  to  quote  this 
as  an  instance  where  calcareous  organisms  are  entirely  excluded  by 
siliceous  ones  at  the  comparatively  moderate  depth  of  2200  fathoms. 
'With  these  recent  cases  before  them  it  would  seem  unsafe  for 
geologists  to  indulge  too  freely  in  bathymetrical  speculations  where 
they  happen  to  discover  fossil  Badiolarian  ooze  raised  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  as  is  the  case  in  Barbados,  and  also  apparently  in 
Trinidad.  It  is  plain  that  causes  other  than  bathymetrical  operate 
now,  and  probably  did  so  formerly  with  still  greater  force,  in  the 
Quoted  by  Haeckel,  ‘  Challenger’  Bep.,  Zool.  vol.  xviii.  pt.  1,  p.  cl. 
Ti  2 
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