ANNIVERSARY  ADDRESS  OE  THE  PRESIDENT. 
Ill 
Yol.  49.] 
Similarly  the  Totternhoe  Stone,  a  tough  grey  chalk,  often  containing 
phosphatic  nodules,  which  occurs  towards  the  middle  of  the  Lower 
Chalk  Series,  is  held  to  separate  the  Grey  Chalk  from  the  Chalk 
Marl.  Thus  these  old-established  divisions  and  subdivisions  of  the 
Upper  Cretaceous  are  shown  to  be  defined  by  hard  beds,  possessed  of 
a  peculiar  lithology  and  capable  of  influencing  the  features  of  the 
country.  This  no  doubt  has  been  a  great  boon  to  surveyors,  who  are 
naturally  not  too  well  disposed  towards  mere  palaeontological  horizons. 
Previous  to  the  work  of  Messrs.  Jukes-Browne  and  Hill  on  the 
lower  beds  of  the  Upper  Cretaceous  in  West  Suffolk  and  West  Norfolk, 
no  one  had  attempted  to  trace  the  zonal  divisions  which  are  found  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cambridge,  through  the  tract  of  country 
which  lies  between  Newmarket  and  Hunstanton.  In  this  somewhat 
difficult  region  lies  the  clue  to  the  mystery  which  has  so  long 
enshrouded  the  true  relations  between  the  basal  beds  of  the  Upper 
Cretaceous  in  the  South  and  the  North-east  of  England.  The  interest 
which  attaches  to  such  a  piece  of  work  must  be  my  excuse  for 
treating  this  matter  with  somewhat  more  attention  to  local  details. 
The  results  may  be  said  to  be  of  a  twofold  character ;  for  not  only 
have  the  relations  of  the  Bed  Bock  of  Hunstanton  to  the  Gault  been 
re-established  on  a  more  satisfactory  footing,  but  the  remarkable 
diminution  in  the  volume  of  the  Lower  Chalk  Series  within  the  area 
has  been  demonstrated,  though  the  subdivisions  remain  mostly  the 
same. 
Let  us  for  a  moment  consider  the  Bed  Bock  of  Hunstanton  and 
its  equivalents  to  the  southward.  This  is  an  old  story.  Years 
ago  Mr.  Wiltshire  remarked,  in  the  Quarterly  Journal,  that  the 
blue  Gault  with  its  characteristic  Belemnite  had  been  observed  to 
rest  on  the  Carstone  at  Elitcham,  10  miles  south  of  Hunstanton  ; 
but  that,  rather  nearer  the  latter  place,  a  red  clay  occurs  immediately 
under  the  white  Chalk,  thus  connecting  the  blue  Gault  with  the 
Bed  Chalk.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  state  that  the  general  fauna 
of  the  Hunstanton  Bed  Bock  was  also  shown  to  be  that  of  the  Upper 
Gault.  Such  in  the  main  had  been  Mr.  Wiltshire’s  original  views, 
and  the  objections  arising  from  lithological  differences  had  long  ago 
been  surmounted. 
Bearing  in  mind  that  the  existence  of  Gault  in  Norfolk  had 
since  then  been  disputed,  the  Authors  paid  particular  attention  to 
this  point.  They  found  that  in  the  Stoke  Perry  and  West  Dereham 
district  the  Gault  is  about  60  feet  thick,  while  in  an  adjoining  out¬ 
lier  Ammonites  interruptus  occurs  plentifully  in  the  form  of  clay  casts 
