Yol.  49.] 
THE  KEUPEE  IN'  DEVON. 
83 
the  boundary-line  of  the  Keuper  is  required  on  Greenough’s  map, 
which  is  published  by  the  Geological  Society. 
The  question  of  the  mapping  of  the  Devon  Permian  lies  outside 
the  scope  of  the  present  paper  ;  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that,  as  soon 
as  we  can  agree  upon  the  true  boundary  between  the  Bunter  and 
the  Permian,  we  may  have  a  new  edition  of  the  Geological  Survey 
map  in  which  a  definite  classification  in  accordance  with  more 
modern  nomenclature  shall  be  recognized,  to  supersede  the  vague 
division,  adopted  half  a  century  ago  by  De  la  Beche,  into  ‘  New  lied 
Marl’  and  ‘  New  Bed  Sandstones.’ 
(4)  As  is  usual  with  such  soft  and  easily-disintegrated  beds,  the 
general  absence  of  good  exposures  at  the  base  of  the  Upper  Bunter 
makes  it  very  difficult  to  estimate  its  thickness.  But  in  the  coast- 
section  west  of  the  Otter  we  find  these  beds  in  stratigraphical  align¬ 
ment  with  the  beds  beneath  the  breccia  on  the  eastern  side,  and 
agreeing  with  them  in  lithological  character.  These  are  seen  lying 
upon  the  eroded  surface  of  a  more  homogeneous  sandstone,  the 
hollows  in  which  are  occupied  by  a  loose  breccia.  This  line  of 
erosion  would  seem  to  furnish  a  very  good  divisional  horizon,  between 
which  and  the  Keuper  breccia  not  more  than  100  feet  of  Upper 
Bunter  would  come  in.  It  does  not  appear  easy  to  sharply  sub¬ 
divide  the  Devon  Bunter,  nor  is  it  a  matter  of  more  than  secondary 
importance. 
(5)  As  a  point  in  the  physiography  of  the  county,  it  is  of  some 
interest  to  note  the  general  parallelism  of  the  three  lines  of  river- 
drainage  marked  by  the  Sid,  the  Otter,  and  the  Clist ;  the  two 
former  being  obviously  determined  by  the  strike  of  the  soft  Upper 
Bunter  sandstones,  the  latter  by  the  equally  soft  Permian  sand¬ 
stones. 
Discussion. 
The  President  stated  that  it  was  very  remarkable  that  Murchison 
had  many  years  ago  compared  the  lower  red  rocks  of  the  district 
with  the  Bothliegende,  but  afterwards  he  seems  to  have  allowed 
them  to  be  relegated  to  the  Trias.  He  (the  speaker)  did  not 
understand  why  the  change  was  made,  but  it  seemed  probable  that 
Murchison’s  successor  now  believed  that  they  were  of  Permian  age, 
and  much  credit  was  due  to  the  Author  and  Prof.  Hull  for  urging 
this  point  a  year  ago.  One  would  like  to  know  what  the  peculiar 
lithology  of  the  breccia  was. 
Prof.  Hull  concurred  in  the  view  that  the  breccia  referred  to  was 
the  real  base  of  the  Keuper  Series,  the  beds  being  repeated  by  the 
Sidmouth  fault.  He  also  wished  to  take  this  opportunity  of  stating 
that,  since  reading  his  paper  on  the  Devonshire  4  red  rocks  ’  about 
a  year  ago,  he  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Budleigh  Con¬ 
glomerate  was  the  real  base  of  the  Trias,  as  held  by  Dr.  Irving,  and 
that  the  great  series  of  red  marls,  sandstones,  and  breccias  below 
the  conglomerate  were  of  Permian  age. 
The  Author  thanked  the  Bellows  for  the  courteous  attention 
with  which  his  paper  had  been  received. 
g  2 
