Diagrammatic  /Section  across  Gozo 
120 
ME.  J.  H.  COOKE  ON  THE  MAKES  AND 
[Peb.  1893, 
•  f— 1 
PH 
£ 
£ 
m 
© 
£ 
o 
32 
© 
5 
© 
ci 
© 
O 
o 
© 
ti 
c 
II 
© 
fl 
o 
- 1  ^ 
.  m 
m  © 
^  3 
cz  .fl 
Ct  V 
i§> 
o 
IS 
o 
o 
-iJ 
e/i 
O 
3 
© 
o'g 
O  3 
.  tn 
©  S 
0 
&  © 
PO 
II  II 
o  ^ 
In  the  western  part  of  Malta  the 
Clays  crop  out  from  the  sides  of 
the  plateaux  and  along  the  valleys 
of  the  Binjemmas  ;  indeed,  but  for 
the  numerous  parallel  faults  that 
intersect  this  part  of  Malta  and 
the  eastern  half  of  Gozo,  the  Clays 
would  form  a  continuous  bed  ex¬ 
tending  from  Gebel  Ciantar  in  the 
south-east  of  Malta  to  Giurdan 
in  the  north  of  Gozo.  These  faults 
have  broken  the  continuity  of  the 
bed  and  have  caused  many  parts  of 
it  to  descend  to  lower  levels.  At 
St.  Paul’s  Bay  the  outcrop  of  the 
Clays  is  150  feet  lower  than  is  that 
which  occurs  at  the  western  ex¬ 
tremity  of  the  Great  Fault  of  Malta  ; 
and  in  Melleha  Valley  the  strata 
between  the  two  faults  that  form 
the  boundaries  of  the  bay  have  been 
let  down  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
completely  submerge,  not  only  the 
Clays,  but  also  the  beds  that  lie 
above  them.  These  faults  and  the 
sections  in  the  shafts  at  Boschetto 
and  Gomerino,  the  road-sections  at 
Gebel  Imtarfa,  and  the  outcrops 
at  Chelmus,  Madonna  della  Kala, 
Ghain  Toffiha,  Chambray,  and 
Giurdan  are  the  places  that  are  best 
adapted  for  studying  the  formation. 
The  surface-contour  of  Gozo  is 
more  diversified  than  that  of  Malta 
(see  fig.  1),  and  with  the  exception 
of  the  depressed  area  which  lies  to 
the  south  of  the  Gozo  Great  Pault 
(fig.  2)  the  strata  preserve  a  more 
uniform  horizomality  than  they  do 
in  the  sister  isle.  In  both  islands 
the  Clays  are  usually  overlain  by 
the  Greensands  ;  but  to  this  order 
there  are  several  well-marked  ex¬ 
ceptions.  At  Ghain  Toffiha,  in  the 
north-west  of  Malta,  the  Clays  are 
overlain  by  the  Upper  Coralline 
Limestone  (bed  5),  the  Greensands 
being  entirely  absent,  and  at  Bos¬ 
chetto,  Uadur,  and  Gebel  Ciantar 
the  same  order  is  to  be  observed 
