Yol.  49.] 
OSTRACODA  FROM  WESTMORELAND. 
293 
1.  Cytherella  subparallela,  sp.  nov.  (PI.  XII.  figs.  11  a ,  b,  c, 
12,  13  a,  b ,  14  a ,  6.) 
Size. —  Length. 
Pig.  11. .  *76  millim. 
Pig.  12..  *76  „ 
Pig.  13..  -88  „ 
Pig.  14..  -76  „ 
Height. 
•4  millim. 
•4 
•44 
•36 
55 
Thickness. 
•24  millim. 
These  have  the  usual  characteristics  of  Cytherella :  nearly  oblong 
shape,  posterior  convexity,  valves  thick  and  unequal,  the  right  valve 
larger  than  the  other,  surface  sometimes  sculptured  or  pitted. 
Cythei'ellce  are  common  in  the  existing  seas,  and  not  rare  in  some 
Tertiary  and  Secondary  formations.  In  some  of  the  Carboniferous 
strata  they  abound,  and  one  or  more  Silurian  forms  have  been 
recorded. 
Of  all  the  published  figures  of  Cytlierellce ,  none  come  so  close  to 
these  from  Dufton  and  Pusgill  as  some  of  the  illustrations  given  of 
the  Cretaceous  Cytherella  varallela  1  (Reuss),  with  its  nearly  oblong 
outline  and  rounded  ends.  It  is  not  punctate,  however,  and  its 
posterior  moiety  is  not  relatively  so  large. 
Localities. — Pigs.  11  &12:  “Dufton.”  Pigs.  13  &  14:  “Pus- 
gill.” 
IY.  Genus  Ulrichia,  Jones,  1890. 
The  chief  character  of  this  genus,  indicated  in  Quart.  Journ.  GeoL 
Soc.  vol.  xlvi.  1890,  p.  543,  was  essentially  the  pair  of  tubercles 
supplanting  the  Primitian  sulcus.  Ulrichia  Conracli  was  there 
defined,  and  the  following  species  were  referred  to  it  and  removed 
from  Primitia:  —  Ulrichia  bicornis ,  Jones,  Ul.  cequalis, ,  Jones  and 
Holl,  Ul.  cliversa,  J.  &  H.,  Ul.  cornuta ,  J.  &  H.,  and  Ul.  Morgani , 
Jones.  Mr.  E.  0.  Ulrich  had  independently  noticed  the  necessity 
for  such  a  new  genus,  and  he  has  recorded  Ul.  nodosa ,  Ul.  emar- 
ginata ,  and  Ul.  ?  conjluens  in  the  Journ.  Cincinn.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist, 
vol.  xiii.  p.  203,  etc.  In  his  two  species,  Ul.  nodosa  (Silurian)  and 
Ul.  emarginata  (Carboniferous),  there  are,  besides  the  two  normal 
tubercles,  some  others  distributed  irregularly  on  the  valves.  The 
Carboniferous  Beyrichia  tuber culo-spinosa,  J.  &  H.,2  may  also  belong 
to  Ulrichia  (see  Mr.  Ulrich’s  paper,  loc.  cit.).  Primitia  perforata ,3 
Rarrande,  .also  evidently  belongs  to  Ulrichia  ;  and  so  does  P. 
bipunctata ,4  J.  &  H.,  from  the  Llandeilo  flagstone  near  Builth. 
A.  Krause  records  “ Beyrichia  {Ulrichia  ?)  bidensf  5  with  two 
tubercles  low  down  on  the  valve  and  a  broad  radiate  margin.  In 
his  “  Primitia  (  Ulrichia  ?)  umbonata  ”  6  there  is  one  nearly  central 
tubercle,  and  he  is  inclined  either  to  refer  this  non-sulcate  form  to 
Ulrichia,  or  to  regard  it  as  having  been  subject  to  some  deformity 
or  disease. 
1  Haidinger’s  ‘  Abb andl ungen,’  etc.,  vol.  iv.  1851,  p.  47,  pi.  vi.  fig.  1. 
2  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  5,  vol.  xviii.  1886,  p.  258,  pi.  viii.  figs.  7  &  8. 
3  ‘  Syst.  Sil.  Boheme,’  vol.  i.  Suppl.  1872,  p.  550,  pi.  xxvii.  fig.  12. 
4  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  4,  toI.  iii.  1869,  p.  220,  woodcut,  fig.  5. 
5  Zeitscbr.  d.  Deutsch.  geol.  Gesellsch.  1892,  p.  396,  pi.  xxii.  fig.  12. 
6  Ibid.  p.  389,  pi.  xxi.  figs.  10  &  11. 
