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ME.  A.  J.  JTJKES-BEOWNE  ON  SOME  EECENT 
[Aug.  1893^ 
After  passing  through  alternating  beds  of  Boulder  Clay  and 
gravel  to  a  depth  of  34  feet,  the  boring  entered  Chalk,  which  is  de¬ 
scribed  as  white  in  the  upper  part  and  reddish  below  ;  10  feet  lower 
down,  however,  they  passed  out  of  this  chalk  into  coarse  gravel,  so  that 
the  chalk  must  he  a  large  boulder  or  transported  mass  like  those  in 
the  Cromer  cliffs.  In  a  sample  of  the  gravel  (from  68  feet)  I  found 
pebbles  of  grey  and  white  chalk,  red  and  pink  chalk,  angular  bits 
of  grey  flint,  bits  of  a  dark-grey  limestone,  light-grey  limestone, 
oolitic  ironstone,  quartz-grit,  porphyritic  felstone,  and  a  small 
fragment  of  granite  or  syenite. 
At  69  feet  red  clay  was  found,  and  continued  for  11  feet.  Two 
samples  of  this  were  sent  me  :  one  was  a  light-red  Boulder  Clay  full 
of  small  chalk-stones,  the  other  is  a  small  piece  of  red-and-pink 
marl,  with  quartz-grains  and  small  bits  of  lydianite,  having  the 
characters  of  the  mottled  sandy  marl  which  forms  the  passage-bed 
from  the  Bed  Chalk  to  the  Carstone.  It  would  seem,  therefore, 
that  part  of  this  red  clay  is  Boulder  Clay,  while  part  may  be  red 
marl  in  situ.  Probably  the  Boulder  Clay  sticks  to  and  rests  on  the 
marl,  and  though  the  exact  thickness  of  the  Glacial  clay  is  not 
ascertainable,  it  probably  extends  to  between  75  and  78  feet.  This 
accords  with  the  depth  proved  by  wells  at  Bilsby,  one  mile  N.E.  of 
Alford. 
Below  the  4  red  clay  ’  coarse  greenish-brown  sand  was  encoun¬ 
tered  ;  this  is  unquestionably  Carstone  of  the  ordinary  Lincolnshire 
facies’  a  coarse  quartz-sand  in  angular  and  subangular  grains, 
embedded  in  dull,  greenish-grey,  silty  material.  This  sand  was 
only  12  feet  thick,  much  less  than  its  normal  thickness  along  the 
main  outcrop ;  but  (as  stated  in  the  Survey  Memoir)  there  does  not 
seem  to  be  more  than  12  or  15  feet  of  Carstone  in  the  inlier  of 
Skendleby  Salter,  which  is  less  than  3  miles  S.W.  of  Alford,  so 
that  the  sand  appears  to  thin  towards  the  north-east  while  the 
underlying  clays  thicken  in  that  direction. 
At  a  depth  of  92  feet  the  boring  entered  ‘  blue  clay/  the  samples 
sent  showing  that  the  upper  2  feet  consisted  of  dark  bluish-grey 
clay,  and  the  lower  6  feet  of  light-grey  marly  clay  which  effervesced 
with  acid.  In  one  sample  there  were  two  small  fragments  of  chalk, 
but  these  must  have  fallen  down  the  borehole,  for  the  mass  of  the 
clay  was  quite  clean,  compact,  and  homogeneous.  A  sample  from 
100  feet  was  a  very  dark,  almost  black  clay,  containing  scattered 
oolitic  grains  of  iron  5  and  one  from  105  feet  was  a  fine  greenish 
material,  almost  entirely  composed  of  small,  round,  oolitic  iron- 
It  is  unusual  for  the  Carstone  to  be  immediately  underlain  by 
grey  clay  ;  but  the  Boach  subdivision  is  very  variable,  and  the  lower 
beds  are  similar  to  those  found  at  Skendleby  and  in  the  Willoughby 
boring.  The  boring  was  carried  to  a  depth  of  7  feet  2  inches  in  the 
greenish  clay,  and  then  abandoned  at  a  depth  of  112^  feet  from  the 
gurJ-  £[00 
Water  was  found  at  three  horizons,  (1)  in  the  chalk,  (2)  in  the 
