57 



1781-83, Knoch, Beit. Ins., (See Phalxna). 1787, Fabr., Mantissa Insectorum, II, pp. 135- 

 184, lists 309 species under Noctua. 1792, Bork., Natur. Europ. Schmett, IV, pp. 1-809 

 (See Phalsena). 1794, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, part 2, pp. 8-126, lists 380 speciw under 

 Noctua. 1797, Latreille, Prec. Carac. Gener. Ins., p. 143, uses "Noctuelle. Noctua" as a 

 genus (#9) but gives no species. 1801, Lamark, (Latreille), Syst. Anim. sans Vert, p. 

 286, "Noctuelle. Noctua. F."; sponsa designated type (?). 180S, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. 

 Ins., XIV, 198, uses genus "Noctuelle. noctua", for fraxini, elocata, nupta, sponsa, electa, 

 matira, pronuha, lunaris, batis, italica, chrysitis, aceris, alchyim'sta, myrtilli, festucae, bras- 

 sicae, delphinii, meticuhsa, verbasci, ganna, chi, psi, persicariae, trapeeina, segetis. 1806, 

 Hbn., Tentamen; name not used. 1810, Latreille, Consid. G«n. Arach, Ins., p. 441, "Noc- 

 tuelle. Noctua"; "pronuba, F." designated type. 1809-22, Hbn., Zutr, Exot. Schmett.; name 

 not used. 1816-27, Hbn., Verz., name not used in generic sense. 1807-16, Ochs., Schmett. 

 Europ., has no genus Noctua. 1816-35, Treits., Schmett. Europ., has no genus Noctua. 

 1829, Boisd., Europ. Lep. Index Method., pp. 63-67, cites "Agrotis et Noctua, Treits." and 

 "Agrotis et Graphiphora, Ochs." as synonyms; includes 75 species. 1829, Duponchel, 

 Hist. Nat. Lep. Noct., VII, part 2, p. 71, exclamationis designated type. 1829, Steph., 

 Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins., II, pp. 37, 43, 44, S3, 60, 62, 68, 70, uses Noctua in the synonomy, 

 credited to various authors; not in the sense of a Linnean genus; but creates the family 

 Noctuidae, p. 62. 1829, Steph., Illus. Brit. Ent. Haust., II, p. 87, pp. 100-200, III, pp. 

 1-140, follows the nomenclature of his Catalogue and uses the family Noctuidae. 1832, 

 Meigen, Europ. Schmett., includes 155 species under Noctua, with Hadena, Orthosia, etc., 

 as subgenera: (vide Grote, 1902). 1840, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II, 93-98, 

 places "Ph. Noctua, L." as a synonym of Triphaena Ochs., with type prounba Linn.; and 

 "Noctua, Haw." as a synonym of each of the following; Orthosia Ochs., with type desig- 

 nated as Ph. N. litura Linn.; Mythimna Steph., with type turca Linn.; Rhizolitha Curt., 

 with type "A'^. lambda. P.? Haw."; Mamestra Ochs., with type Ph. N. persicariae Linn.; 

 Trachea Ochs., with type Ph. atriplicis Linn.; Dipthera Hbn., with type S. orion Esp.; 

 Thyatira Ochs., with type Ph. batis Linn.; Cosmia Ochs., with type Ph. trepetsina Linn.; 

 Xanthia, Hbn., with type Ph. fulvago, Linn.; Gortyna Ochs., with type N. flavago W. V.; 

 Nonagria, with type N. typhae Ochs.; Simyra Ochs., with type N. nervosa W. V. 1850-58, 

 H. S., Sammlung. aussereurop. Schmett., pp. 4 & 67, uses Noctuina as a family name; 

 Noctua as a genus. 1852, Gn., Hist. Nat. Ins., Spec. G6n., V, Noct., I, uses Noctua 

 (Linn.) as a genus for lubricans, bicarnea, c-nigrum, etc.; lists as synonyms Graphiphora 

 Ochs., Chersotis, Segetia, & Orthosia Bdv. 1854-66, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., I-XXXV; 

 Vol. X uses genus Noctua. 1857, Lederer, Noct. Europ., no genus Noctua. 1893, Sra., 

 Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, pp. 70-78, uses genus Noctua (Linn.) for bicarnea, c-nigrum, 

 plecta, etc.; pp. 31-424, family Noctuidae. 189S, Meyrick, Handb. Brit. Lep., disregards 

 Noctua entirely, using families Caradrinidae (p. 43), and Plusiadae (p. 144) in place 

 of Noctuidae Auct. 1901, Stand. & Rebel, Cat. Lep. Palae., part I, pp. 130-258, use 

 family Noctuidae, but no genus Noctua. 1902, Dyar, Bull. U. S. N. M., LII, pp. 134-135, 

 uses genus Noctua (Linn.) for bicarnea, c-nigrum, plecta, etc.; pp. 98-247, family Noc- 

 tuidae. 1902, Grote, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XLI, paper entitled "Results Obtained from 

 A Search for the type of Noctua Linn, and conclusions as to types of Hucbnerian Nocttiid 

 Genera Represented in the North American Fauna", pp. 4-12, questions the validity of 

 Noctua as a genus of Lepidoptera because of preoccupation in Mollusca, by Klein, 1753; 

 or if valid, cites pronuba Linn. type. 1903, Hamp., Cat, Lep. Phal. B. M., IV, 4, Noctua 

 strLv Linn, designated as type (first species principle). 1903, Sm., Check List Lepid., pp. 

 32-33; pp. 24-60, same usage as in 1893. 1917, B. & McD., Check List, follows Hampson 

 and considers genus Noctua exotic; pp. 37-92, family Noctuidae. 



Naenia, Steph. 



Type Phalcena typica Linn. 



1829, Steph., Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins., II, 77, lists synonyms "Lemures p, Hbn.; Mormo 



Ochs.; Mania p, Treit."; typica Linn, sole species and therefore type; no further 



Kription than quotations of previously named genera and species. 1829, Steph., Illus. 



