60 



of description of the genus, Grote had only one species before him, and a 

 single specimen of that. In 1890, before any other species had been added 

 to the genus, he changed the name pulla to pullata; so there can be no question 

 but that the genus is monotypical. 



Under Opinion 46 of the International Commission it is clear that a generic 

 name will hold if no species are mentioned. Therefore if pulla Grt. was a 

 homonym, it was invalid from the start and had no place in nomenclature. 

 Thus, from the first species subsequently described under the genus would 

 have to come the genotype. Hence, ptdlata would automatically become the 

 type of Lathosea. 



What would happen if a species that was the genotj'pe for a large genus 

 become a homonym? The rules do not seem clear upon this point. In the case 

 of Lathosea it is fortunate, that whether or not puUa Grt. or pullata Grt. stand, 

 the identical species will be the genotype. 



Papaipema purpurifascia G. & R. 



1868. G. & R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, 341, pi, VII, f. SI, (mixed type serits), 

 Gortyna. 1873, Grt., Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 110, Hydroecia. 1874, Grt., Can. Ent., 

 VI. 216, Gortyita. 1875, Grt. Check List Noct., p. 11, #392, Gortyna. 1875, Grt., Bull 

 Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 19, Ochria. 1881, Grt., Bull. Geol. Surv., VI, 269, Gortyna. 1882, 

 B'klyn Ent. Soc, Check List, p. 14, #1769, Hydroecia. 1882, Grt., New Check List, p. 

 29, #568, Gortyna. 1883, Grt., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, XXI, 147, Gortyna. 1890, Grt., 

 Rev. Check List Noct, p. 20, #611, Gortyna. 1891, Sm., List Lepid., p. 45, #2221, 

 Hydroecia. 1893, Sni., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 176, Hydroecia. 1895, Grt., Abh. Nat. 

 Ver. Bremen, XIV, 85, #602, Gortyna. 1897, Sling., Can. Ent., XXIX, 161, pi. VI (adult 

 and larva), (biol.), Hydroecia. 1898, Bird, Can. Ent., XXX, 130, (biol.), Hydroecia. 

 1899, Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, 70, pi. II, f. 4 (setae), Hydroecia. 1899, Sm., 

 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXVI, 33, pl. IL f. 36 $ genitalia, Hydroecia. 1900, Sm., 1899 

 List Ins. N. J., p. 416. Hydroecia. 1902, Dyar. Bull. U. S. N. M., LII. 176, #2178. 

 Papaipema. 1903. Sm.. Check List, p. 43, # 2392, Papaipema (Hydroecia partim). 1903, 

 Holl., Moth Book, p. 213. pl. XXVI, f. 7, Papaipema. 1906. Forbes, Field Tables Lepid., 

 p. 140, (two sp. in err.). Papaipema. 1907. Bird. Can. Ent., XXXIX, 317, Papaipema. 

 1910, Sm., 1909 Rept. State Mus., Ins. N. J., p. 464, Papaipema. 1910, Hamp., Cat. Lep. 

 Phal. B. M., IX, 76, pl. CXXXVIII, f. 25, Papaipema. 1914, Bird, Can. Ent., XLVI, 69, 

 pl. Ill, (adults and larva), (biol.), lectotype designated, Papaipema. 1917, B. & McD., 

 Check List, p. 70, #2683. Papaipema. 



leucostigma Harris (a homonym). 



1841, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. Mass., p. 320, Gortyna. 1852, Harris, In."!. InJ. Veg. 

 Mass., p. 341, Gortyna. 1860, Morris, Cat. Lep. N. A., (Smith. Misc.), p. 28, Gortyna. 

 1862, Harris, (3rd Ed., by Flint), p. 440, Gortyna. 1862, Harris, ("New Ed." or Flint 

 Ed.), p. 440, Gortyna. 1864, Grt., Proc Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 432, rutila syn., Gortyna. 

 1865, Grt., Proc Ent. Soc. Phila., IV, 324, caiaphractaf , Gortyna. 1873, Grt., Bull. Buff. 

 Soc Nat. Sci., I, 111, rutila?, Hydroecia. 1875, Grt., Check List Noct., p. 11, #391, 

 rutila, Gortyna. 1881, Grt., Bull. Geol. Surv., VI, 268, harrisiif or rutila f, Gortyna. 

 1891, Sm., List Lepid., p. 45, #2220, cataphracta, Hydroecia. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. 

 M., XLIV, 177, rutila, Hydroecia. 1895, Grt., Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 177, rutila, 

 Hydroecia. 1898, Bird, Can. Ent, XXX, 130, Purpurifascia, Hydroecia. 1899, Sm., Trans. 

 Am. Ent. Soc, XXVI, 33, purpurifascia, Hydroecia. 1907, Bird, Can. Ent., XXXIX, 317, 

 purpurifascia, Papaipema. 1914, Bird, Can. Ent, XLVI, 70, purpurifascia, Papaipema. 



The name leucostigma Harris appears to have caused considerable con- 

 fusion in the past. Part of the bibliographies of this name and pur pxtri fascia 



