TREATISE ON THE CULTURE AND 



former trees, it will be necefTary to take out the old mould at 

 leafl three feet deep, and four feet wide, filling up the hole 

 with frefh loam, and taking care to plant the trees about eight 

 inches higher than the level of the old border, to allow for 

 the finking of the earth, that they may not be too deep in the 

 ground : but this will be more fully treated of in the chapter 

 on Pear-trees. 



When the trees are planted, they fhould by no means be 

 headed down till the month of April, or May, when they begin 

 to throw out frefh fhoots. Strong trees fhould be cut a foot 

 from the ground ; and thofe that are weak, about half that 

 length. 



In backward feafons, they fhould not be headed down fo 

 early ; never until the buds are fairly broken ; always ob- 

 ferving to cut Hoping towards the wall, and as near to an eye 

 as pofTible, that the young leading fhoot may cover the cut ; 

 [See Plate I. F/g. i.] which operation fhould be again per- 

 formed in the next March or April. The ihoots that are then 

 thrown out muft be trained horizontally, to cover the wall. 

 The number of thefe to be left ought to be from three to fix 

 on each fide, according to the ftrength of the main fhoot ; 

 taking care to rub off, with the ringer and thumb, the fore- 

 right fhoots all over the tree, except a few which may be 

 wanted to fill up the wall, near the body of it. [See Plate I. 

 Fig. i.J 



In the fecond year, the horizontal Ihoots muft be fhortened in 

 the fame manner, according to their growth ; and fo on every 

 year till the wall fhall be completely covered from top to 

 bottom. 



It is a frequent practice with fome gardeners, to head down 

 the trees at the time of planting ; which very often proves 

 fatal to them, Of 



