76 TREATISE ON THE CULTURE AND 



The fame method of pruning already laid down for 

 Standard Apple-trees is alfo applicable to Efpaliers. 



The borders where you make your crbflings in gardens 

 fhouid be fix or eight feet broad at leaft, to let the trees 

 fpread on each fide, at the diftance of twelve feet from tree 

 to tree, and they fhouid be well trenched, two feet and a half 

 deep at leaf!:. If there fhouid be gravel, or four clay, it muffc 

 be taken out, and good mould put in its place; leaving the 

 ground as rough as pofiible, for the froft and rain to mellow 

 it. When you level the ground, it fhouid be done after rain: 

 you may then fow fome fmall crops in the borders ; fuch as 

 Lettuce or Spinage, or Cabbage for tranfplanting ; but let 

 not any of the Brafiica tribe come to full growth. Leaving 

 Cabbage and Broccoli on borders, near fruit-trees, draws the 

 ground very much, fills the borders with infects, and alfb 

 prevents the Sun and air from penetrating into the ground. 



When the Sun can have free accefs to the border, it adds 

 much to the flavour of the fruit. If you can fpare the ground 

 on the crofs-borders in Winter, it will be of great fervice to 

 the trees to ridge it up as loofe as you can, and let it lie in that 

 ftate all Winter, to mellow and fweeten. 



If the foil be ftrong, I would recommend planting of Ap- 

 ple-trees that are grafted on Paradife Stocks ; but if the foil 

 be light, free Stocks will do much better. 



When the ground is a ftrong clay or brick earth, mix it 

 with old lime-rubbifh or coal-afhes, ftreet-dung or fand : 

 but what I ufe for the borders againft the walls, and which I 

 prefer to every other manure, is a vegetable mould produced 

 from leaves of trees, which may be obtained in the following 

 manner : 



Collea 



