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shores of the north Pacific, if they do not occur on the coast 

 of Kamchatka or in the region of the Korean Straits, are absent 

 from the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, for the only 

 two passages by which crinoids can enter these seas are (i) 

 south of Kamchatka, in the very cold water of low salinity, 

 in which they cannot exist, or (2) through the Korean Straits, 

 in the warm water of high salinity, in which also they cannot 

 live. 



The Kuro-Siwo only follows the coast of Japan as far as 

 Cape Inaboïe Saki, at that point turning to the east. In the 

 summer,, however, the warm water extends much further to 

 the northward than the parallel of Cape Inaboïe Saki though, 

 judging from the gravity observations, the northern limit of 

 the Kuro-Siwo scarcely passes 40 0 N. At that latitude the 

 surface water of the Kuro-Siwo turns to the eastward. 



From this point the Kuro-Siwo flows in a broad curve, 

 finally turning southward at some distance from the North 

 American coast; but the westerly winds, which in these latitudes 

 blow steadily and with great force for about ten months in the 

 year, carry the surface water of the Kuro-Siwo eastward to 

 the north-west coast of North America, which it reaches in 

 about latitude 54 0 N., there dividing into a north and a south 

 stream. The northerly stream sweeps the shores of Alaska 

 and the Aleutian Islands, while the southerly sweeps along 

 the coast of Washington, Oregon and California as far as 

 Point Conception, where the greater part is deflected seaward; 

 a weak continuation passes southward along the coast of 

 California to Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, where it, too, 

 is deflected seaward. 



A peculiarity of this southerly current, usually called the 

 California current, is that it loses its heat in passing from north 

 to south, so that by the time it reaches the coast of California 

 it has become a cold current instead of a warm one as it was 

 originally, and as it is further to the north. 



The equatorial current strikes the Central American coast 

 about at Acajutla, and passes northward into the Gulf of Cali- 

 fornia, turning west at Cape St. Lucas. The region between 



