6 
MAMMALIA. 
[Chap. I. 
as large as our English spaniel dogs, of a darkish grey 
colour, and black faces with great white beards round 
from ear to ear, which makes them show just like old 
men. This sort does but little mischief, keeping in the 
woods, eating only leaves and buds of trees, but when 
they are catched they will eat anything." 1 
Knox, whose experience during his long captivity was 
confined almost exclusively to the hill country around 
Kandy, spoke in all probability of one large and com- 
paratively powerful species, Presbytes ursinus, which 
inhabits the lofty forests, and which, as well as another 
of the same group, P. Thersites, was, till recently, un- 
known to European naturalists. The Singhalese word 
Ouandura has a generic sense, and being in every 
respect the equivalent for our own term of « monkey," 
it necessarily comprehends the low country species, as 
well as those which inhabit other parts of the island. 
In point of fact, there are no less than four animals 
in the island, each of which is entitled to the name of 
" wanderoo." 2 Each separate species has appropriated 
1 Knox, Historical Relation of Europe ; but iu the absence of in- 
Ccylon, an Island in the East In- formation in this country as to 
dies. — P. i. ch. vi. p. 25. Fol. their actual habitat, they were de- 
Lond. 1681. See an account of his scribed, first by Zimmerman, on 
captivity in Sib J. Emerson Ten- the continent, under the name of 
nent's Ceylon, etc., Vol. II. p. Leucoprymnus cephalopterus, and 
66 n. subsequently by Mr. E. Bennett, 
2 Down to a very late period, a under that of Semnopithecw Nestor 
large and somewhat repulsive-look- (Proc. Zool. Soc. pt. i. p. 67 : 1833) ; 
ing monkey, common to the Mala- the generic and specific characters 
bar coast, the Silenus veter, Linn., being on this occasion most care- 
was, from the circumstance of his fully pointed out by that eminent 
possessing a " great white beard," naturalist. Eleven years later Dr. 
incorrectly assumed to be the Templeton forwarded to the Zoo- 
" wanderoo" of Ceylon, described logical Society a description, ac- 
by Knox ; and under that usurped eompanied by drawings, of the 
name it has figured in every author wanderoo of the western maritime 
from Buffon to the present time, districts of Ceylon, and noticed 
Specimens of the true Singhalese the fact that the wanderoo of au- 
species were, however, received in thors (& veter) was not to be found 
