Chap. IL] 
THE ELEPHANT. 
83 
most attached flourishes in such abundance that it is 
obtained without an effort. In the quiet solitudes of 
Ceylon, elephants may constantly be seen browsing 
peacefully in the immediate vicinity of other animals, 
and in close contact with them. I have seen groups of 
deer and wild buffaloes reclining in the sandy bed of a 
river in the dry season, and elephants plucking the 
branches close beside them. They show no impatience 
in the company of the elk, the bear, and the wild hog ; 
and on the other hand, I have never discovered an 
instance in which these animals have evinced any 
apprehension of elephants. The elephant's natural 
timidity, however, is such that it becomes alarmed on 
the appearance in the jungle of any animal with which 
it is not familiar. It is said to be afraid of the horse ; 
but from my own experience, I should say it is the horse 
that is alarmed at the aspect of the elephant. In the 
same way, from some unaccountable impulse, the horse 
has an antipathy to the camel, and evinces extreme 
impatience,both of the sight and the smell of that animal. 1 
When enraged, an elephant will not hesitate to charge 
a rider on horseback; but it is against the man, not 
against the horse, that his fury is directed; and no 
instance has been ever known of his wantonly assail- 
ing a horse. A horse, belonging to the late Major 
1 This peculiarity was noticed by it is necessary to train and accustom 
the ancients, and is recorded by to their presence in order to avoid 
Herodotus: " adfiriXov Xttkos cpo§4- accidents. Mr. Broderip mentions, 
ercu, Kal ovk aVe'xercu ot/re ttjj/ IBey^v that, "when the precaution of such 
avTris opewv ovre ri)v. oS/x^v ocrrppai- training has not been adopted, the 
vdfievos" (Herod, ch. 80). Camels sudden and dangerous terror with 
have long been bred by the Grand which a horse is seized in coming 
Duke of Tuscany, at his establish- unexpectedly upon one of them is 
ment near Pisa,_ and even there excessive." — Note-book of a Natu- 
the same instinctive dislike to them ralist, ch. iv. p. 113. 
is manifested by the horse, which 
G 2 
