Chap. V.] THE ELEPHANT. 165 
which they kindle fires, and cut footpaths through the 
jungle, to enable the watchers to communicate and 
combine. All this is performed in cautious silence 
and by slow approaches, to avoid alarming the herd. 
A fresh circle nearer to the keddah is then formed in 
the same way, and into this the elephants are admitted 
from the first one, the hunters following from behind, 
and lighting new fires around the newly inclosed space. 
Day after day the process is repeated; till the drove 
having been brought sufficiently close to make the 
final rush, the whole party close in from all sides, and 
with drums, guns, shouts, and flambeaux, force the 
terrified animals to enter the fatal enclosure, when the 
passage is barred behind them, and retreat rendered im- 
possible. 
Their efforts to escape are repressed by the crowd, 
who drive them back from the stockade with spears 
and flaming torches ; and at last compel them to pass 
on into the second enclosure. Here they are detained 
for a short time, and their feverish exhaustion relieved 
by free access to water ; — until at last, being tempted 
by food, or otherwise induced to trust themselves in the 
narrow outlet, they are one after another made fast by 
ropes, passed in through the palisade ; and picketed in 
the adjoining woods to enter on their course of syste- 
matic training. 
These arrangements vary in different districts of 
Bengal ; and the method adopted in Ceylon differs in 
many essential particulars from them all ; the Keddah, 
or, as it is here called, the corral or korahl 1 (from the 
1 It is thus spelled by "Wolf, in household word in South America, 
his Life and Adventures, p. 144. and especially in La Plata, to 
Corral is at the present day a designate an enclosure for cattle. 
M 3 
