THE YOFXG N* AT AL1 ST. 



218 



enable our younger readers to understand 

 them. Many others will need to be used and 

 understood as our work progresses, but at 

 present we only desire to explain those of 

 common use. 



c 



Fir.. 56. 



The body of a butterfly is divided 

 into three distinct portions, the first 

 A is the head from which spring the 

 antenna: R. It also contains a long filiform, or 

 thread-like tubular organ, which is coiled 

 round and round like a watch spring. This 

 is called the proboscis c, and is used for extract- 

 ing the honey from the calyx, or cup of a 

 flower. It is scarcely visible except when 

 protruded. The head of the caterpillar forms 

 the head of the butterfly, and monstrosities 

 sometimes occur in which the butterfly 

 emerges from the pupa, with the head of the 

 larva unchanged. d is the thorax, and is 

 formed from the three sections of the larva 

 next the head. On the thorax are the wings 

 and legs ; of the latter there are always three 

 pairs, as in the larva, though in the family 

 NyniphaliiU the first pair are considerably 

 changec , and cannot be used in walking. All 

 butterflies have two pairs of wings, about 

 which we have more to say. e ^s the 

 abdomen, and is formed from the remaining 

 nine seg ments of the larva. It has no organ 

 attached to it except those of reproduction, 

 and for deposition of eggs. 



> • 



Fig. 57. 



The '-zings of a butterfly are more or less 

 triangu'ar in shape, and the outlin": runs 

 between three points, arc. a is called the 

 base, and is the part where the wings join the 



■ body, b is the tip, and c is the anal angle. 

 ! The line from a to b is called the costa ; that 

 I from b to c is called the hind margin ; and 

 that from c to a is the inner margin. These 

 term, refer to both the fore and hind wings. 

 No natter how these outlines are shaped, 

 they preserve the same names. The costa has 

 generally an uniform outline. The inner 

 margin of the hind wing has often a groove 

 or hollow to receive the abdomen. The hind 

 margin of both wings is often cut and shaped 

 in various ways. See PI. 2, Fig. i, where the 

 hind margin of thehind wing is lengthened into 

 a tail. Many of the Vancssid.e have both 

 wings cut and angulated on the hind margin, 

 especially I'. C -album. These you will see at 

 the proper time. For the present we think 

 these terms will be all you need to under- 

 [ stand ; others shall be explained as they occur. 

 In giving the meaning or derivation of the 

 names of species, genera, &c, our chief 

 authority has been the " Accentuated List of 

 the British Lepidoptera, with hints on the 

 derivation of the names. Published by the 

 Entomological Societies of Oxford and Cam- 

 bridge. 1 5S." W'nere we have quoted the 

 exact words of this work, which is generally 

 done in cases where the name is derived from 

 classical writers, the quoted passage is given 

 in inverted commas, with " A. L. " at the 

 termination, (Accentuated List). 



Before concluding these cursory remarks, 

 we may name the species of which we still 

 want larvae and pupae for figuring. We have 

 to thank Mr. J.J. Dixon, of Hartlepool, for larva 

 of P. Phkc.is, Mr. G. C. Bignell, of Plymouth, for 

 that of S. Tithonus, and will be obliged to any 

 of our readers wdio can let us have examples 

 of any of the following. The imagines can be 

 returned when bred if desired. 

 Sinapis Cassiope 

 Crataegi Blandina 

 Napi Davus 

 Daplidice Pamphilus 

 Hyale Quercus 

 Paphia Pruni 



Aglaia 



Betuhe 



