235 



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BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



By J. E. Ronsox ; with figures from life by 

 S. E. Mosley. 



(Assisted by contributors to the Y. X.) 



SUB-FAMILY II. PIERIX.E. 

 About forty different genera of this sub- 

 family are recognised by authors. Six of 

 them are found in Britain. The Imagines 

 may be tabulated as below. 



1. — Ground color of wings yellow. 



A. The margin angulated. Genus II. 



Gonepteryx. 



B. The margins rounded, a black spot 



at centre of fore wing. Genus III. 

 Colias. 



2. — Tip only, of fore wing of male, yellow ; 

 a black spot at centre in beth sexes. Genus 

 IV. Anthocaris. 



3. — Ground color of wings white. 



A. Fore wings spotted on upper side. 



Genus V. Pier is. 



B. ,, unspotted. 



a. Veins darker. Genus VI. Aporia. 



b. Tip darker. Genus VII. L'eueo- 



phasia. 



This tabulation, and others to be given 

 subsequently, is not intended to apply to 

 species occurring beyond Britain, but nerely 

 to help the young collector to name any of 

 the British species he may obtain. The 

 general characteristics of the sub-family are — 



Imago. — -As above, (see page 218.) 



Larva. — Cylindrical, with sixteen legs, 

 but no retractile tentacuhe as in Papilioniiue. 



Pupa.— Angular, with the head pointed ; 

 attached by the tail with 0 belt of silk round 

 the body. Sometimes long and slender, and 

 much arched. It is light colored, and 

 spotted or marked with darker colors. 



GENUS II. GONEPTERYX. 

 Goneptevyx, from two Greek words, Gonos, 

 angular; Pkron, a wing; referring to the 

 angular projections at the margins of the 

 wings. Only seven species are named, but 

 the genus has a very extensive range. It has 

 also been called RHOoociiRA— Red Horn. 



2 RHAMNI. PL. 2. Fig. 2. 

 T/ie Brimstone. 



The only British species. The name is 

 derived from the generic name of tli2 food 

 plant, Rhamnus, the Buckthorn. The English 

 came from the color of the male. 



Imago. —PI. 2. Fig. 2. Male, bright 

 sulphur yellow ; female, pale greenish white. 

 Both sexes have a bright orange spot near 

 the centre of each wing, and several specks 

 of bright carmine along the costa. 



Larva. — PI- 2. Fig. 2A. Green, vtdiitish 

 along the side, and duller on the back, from 

 a number of extremely minute black dots that 

 cover it, each of which produces a small hair. 

 We are indebted to Mr. G. C. Bignell for the 

 larva from which this figure was taken. 



Pupa.— PL 2. Fig- 2B. Bright green, 

 tinged with brown, and faintly striped. 



Food Plants.— The two Buckthorns, 

 Rhamnus cathartic-us, and fmngula. 



Times of Appearance.— The perfect 



insect emerges about the middle of July. 



