242 THE YOUNG 



his own authority, but says ' ' Berkenhorst 

 (Synopsis of the Natural History of Great 

 Britain and Ireland) is the only writer who has 

 described it- as an English species, he says it is 

 rare (in this country) found in woods. In the 

 perfect state, visits flowers in the daytime." 

 Bonovan evidently knows nothing of a British 

 specimen, for he says he has received it from 

 North America, as well as from Germany. He 

 gives a very good description of the Butterfly 

 (Plate cix), and from that time it was recorded 

 as a British species, without anyone knowing 

 anything of a British specimen. The late 

 Henry Doubleday in his valuable synonymic 

 list, removed it from the British Butterflies, 

 and placed it in an appendix, of those species 

 that had been recorded without authority, and 

 now it only appears under that character in 

 dealers catalogues, who offer foreign specimens 

 for types. Even there, being in company with 

 such species like P. daplidice, V. antiopa^ &c. , 

 it misleads beginners, who purchase specimens 

 of the Butterfly that ought to come first in 

 their collections, but that, so far as we know, 

 has no right to appear in our lists even as a 

 casual visitant. It is only right however to say, 

 that, in " European Butterflies and Moths," by 

 "W\ F. Kirby, now publishing by Messrs. 

 Cassell, it is said, " It appears to have formerly 

 inhabited England, but is now extinct." "YVe 

 have no idea on what authority the statement 

 is made. 



Imago. — Pale straw color, with dark hind 

 margin. Fore wing with six black bands, 

 broadest at the costa, and coming to a point 

 before or at the inner margin. The hind wing 

 has two similar bands, a row of bluelunuleson 

 the dark hind margin, and a blue eye in an 

 orange blotch at the anal angle. The hind 

 wing is tailed. 



Larva. — ' ' Yellow ish green, dotted with red, . 

 with whitish yellow lines on the back and sides, 

 and oblique streaks of the same color, turns 

 yellow when well fed." — Kirby. 



Pupa. — More stumpy than that of Machaon, 

 pale red brown, the points at the head very 

 distinct. 



NATURALIST. 



Pood Plants. — "Almond, sloe, plum, 

 apple, pear, and oak." — Kirby. 

 Times of Appearance.— April to 



August for the imago ; June to August for the 

 larva. It remains in pupa over the Winter. 



Habitat. — Open places in or near woods, 

 in Central and Southern Europe, extending in 

 its range to "Western Asia, Siberia, and North 

 Africa. Though Donovan stateshe received this 

 Butterfly from North America, it is not now 

 recorded as an American species. 



Variation. — It varies considerably in 

 depth of color, in the extent of the black bands, 

 and also in the length of the tails. The variety 

 Feisthamelii, Dup. is paler than the type, 

 having the ground color nearly white ; it also 

 has the orange patch at anal angle of a much 

 deeper hue. It occurs in Spain and Mauritius, 

 and in North Africa. The variety Zanclceus, 

 Zell has a white abdomen, and is found in South 

 Europe. Virgatus, Butler is smaller, and has 

 longer tails. It is recorded from Syria. 



Dr. Staudinger calls this species Sinon, 

 believing that name to have priority being used 

 in 1761 ; but Lmnseus called it Podalirius in 

 1758 (see Kirby's Catalogue, appendix page 

 811), which name therefore stands. 



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