254 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



quoting. " One evening, when we were about 

 ten miles from San Bias, vast numbers of 

 Butterflies in bands or flocks of countless 

 myriads extended as far as the eye could range. 

 Even by the aid of a glass it was not possible 

 to see a space free from Butterflies. The sea- 

 man called out that it was snowing Butterflies, 

 and such, in fact, was the appearance. More 

 species than one were present, but the main 

 parts belonged to a kind very similar to, but 

 not identical with, the common English Colias 

 Edusa. 



The day had been fine and calm, and the 

 one previous equally so, with light variable 

 airs : hence, we cannot suppose that the in- 

 sects were blown off the land ; but we must 

 conclude that they voluntarily took flight." 



3, HYALE, Linn : PL 3, Fig. 2. 

 Pale Clouded Yellow. 



11 Hyale. — A nymph in the train of Diana. 

 Ovid Met III. 470."— A. L. 



ImagO — PI. 3, Fig. 2. Pale yellow. Fore- 

 wing with a black border scarcely reaching 

 the inner margin. Hind wing edged with 

 black. Black disk spot on fore wing, yellow 

 on hind wing. 



Larv"a-— Green, spotted with small black 

 dots ; a yellowish spiracular line. " In repose 

 the lie along the middle of the leaf's superior 

 surface; so that at night when the leaf closes, 

 as most, if not all, of the Tvifolii do, they are 

 quite enclosed by its segments." — W. H. Tug- 

 well in Entomologists' Weekly Intelligencer, 

 vol. iii, page 11. 



Papa.—" Green, with an ochreous border 

 to the wing cases, and an ochreous stripe down 

 the side, extending to both ends." — Newman's 

 British Butterflies, page 142. 



Food Plants-— Mr. Tugwell's larvae fed 

 on Medicago sativa, Trifolium rcpens, and T. 

 stibtervaneum . Probably they feed on most 

 leguminiferous plants. 



Times of Appearance.— In England 

 the imago is generally seen in autumn, and 

 but little can be said of its other stages. Mr. 

 Tugwell's ova were deposited on 25th August, 



> and were hatched in five days. On the Con- 

 I tinent it is double brooded, and has been seen 

 ■ very early in the year in the south. Probably 

 1 the perfect insect hybernates. 

 i Habitat. — Clover and lucerne fields, often 

 ; in company with Edusa. In England it is 

 j confined to the south, though odd specimens 

 occasionally stray northward, but they seldom 

 get beyond the midlands. Its range abroad 

 extends over the centre and south of Europe, 

 Western Asia, the Mauritius, and South as 

 well as North Africa. 



Variation. — This species varies much in 

 the width of the black border. We have one 

 with only a few black marks at the tip of fore 

 wing, and another with the border so broad 

 that, but for the want of it on the hind wing, 

 it might pass for Helice. We also have one 

 with the fore wing suffused with black scales 

 as far as the disc spot, PI. 3, Fig. 2A. The 

 disc spot on the hind wing is generally a 

 deeper yellow than the wings, but sometimes 

 it is as pale as the rest of the wing, Only one 

 variety has been named, viz., Sarefttensis, 

 Stand. It has the hind margin of the fore 

 wing broadly black, and occurs on the 

 Southern Steppes of Russia. There is a 

 variety of the female that is much paler than 

 the male or ordinary female. It is so regular 

 in appearance wherever the species occurs 

 that we think it should have a distinctive 

 name, and propose to call it Pallida. 



Allied Species.— Most of the genus are 

 very clo^e together, and specimens are formed 

 of one species that seem to run into others. 

 The pale female (Helice) of Edusa only differs 

 in the border from ordinary Hyale ; but there 

 are none that we know of so near as to be 

 possibly only a local or isolated form. 



Parasites. — The larva is so seldom met 

 with that we have not heard of i.ny parasites 

 being bred from it. 



LEPIDOPTERA IN JUNE. 



[Those marked S need only be looked for 

 in the southern counties; those marked N 



