284 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



to the costa, while if there be any white in 

 the tip mark of Gardamines, -it is found at the 

 lower portion. 



Larva — " Greyish .green, with narrow 

 yellow shapes." — Kirby. (See article by G. 

 F. Mathew in present number.) 



Pupa. — "Ashy brown, with small black 

 spots, and faint yellowish subdorsal and 

 spiracular streaks ; the wing cases with a 

 dark central shade, and the margin and 

 sheath of proboscis yellowish." — G. F. 

 Mathew. 



Pood Plants. — Wild mignonette, (Reseda 

 lutea), Weld (R. luteula), and various Oruciferm.. 

 Times of Appearance. — Like the 



other British species of the genus, this insect 

 is double brooded, the first appearing in 

 April or May, and the second in August. 

 The larvpe of all the species appear to feed up 

 irregularly, and the imagines to emerge in 

 such succession, that the progeny of those 

 that appear first, are on the wing, before the 

 latest of the early brood have disappeared. 

 In 1876 we took notes respecting the common 

 white, and there was no suitable da}- from 

 April to September in which some of them 

 were not observed on the wing. In reference 

 to the present species Mr. Newman positively 

 states in his work on the subject that only 

 the second brood occurs here. The autumn 

 brood appears with such irregularity that 

 without taking the absence of the spring 

 brood into consideration many have doubted 

 the species being truly native. We have 

 ventured to call it an occasional visitor only. 



Habitat. — Only in the South of England, 

 and most frequent in those counties nearest 

 the French coast. Not rare in the Channel 

 Islands. It is common in Europe, and ranges 

 over the greater part of Asia. It occurs in 

 North Russia, as well as Sweden and Nor- 

 way, but not in Iceland. It is difficult to 

 understand why it is so rare in England, for 

 there seems no reason that it should not 

 establish itself on the south coast, and spread 

 over the Island. Doubtless it. is keenly 

 hunted when it does appear, but that was 



not so formerly, but it appears to have been 

 equally rare when collectors were but few. 

 Variation. — Daplidice varies in the extent 

 , or intensity of the markings, both on the 

 I upper and underside of the wings, and from 

 j some British specimens bred by Mr. Mathew, 

 I the autumn brood appears to be browner than 

 I the spring specimens, as well as considerably 

 j larger, and to have much more markings. 

 1 Two varieties are named. Belledice, Brahm, a 

 variety of the spring brood, is much smaller 

 and darker on the underside. Rhapani, Esp., 

 a Persian form, is yellower on the underside 

 than the type. 



Parasites. — From one of Mr. Mathew's 

 ; pupa, from Turkey, Mr. Bignell had a speci- 

 men of Anamalon xanthopus, Schi., which is 

 depicted on Plate 4, Fig. ia. This parasite 

 ! is British, and has been bred from Trachea 



j 



I pin/perda by Mr. Bridgeman (see Entomologist, j 

 j vol. xiii, p. 68). It is rather curious that the 

 same ichneumon should be reared from two 

 species so Hssimilor in their habits, as the 

 pupa of Daplidice is exposed, and of pin:- 

 perda burlp.l in the ground. 



We have great pleasure in acknowledging 

 our obligations to Mr. Mathew tor his valued 

 notes on this species, which he has kindly I 

 allowed us to print in full. 



CONCHOLOGY. 



By Mr. H. T. Robson, Stockton-on-Tees. 



Embatbe*. 



The shell of a Univalve is generally de- I 

 scribed as an oblique cone, in some, as in the 

 Limpet, they approach pretty nearly to the 

 form of a true cone, but in . he great majority 

 of them the shell is being continually being 

 built up more at one side than the other, and 

 thus assures a spiral form, the side which is | 

 greater ceding around that which is less; I 

 these coils are called whorls. When the inner j 

 side around which the whorls are coiled ; ; 

 forms a central pillar, this pillar is called the 

 columella ; sometimes the whorls are not so 



