286 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



Sv.ccinca, Zonites, Helix, Bntimus, Zua, Azeca, 

 Achatina, Clausilia, Balea, Pupa and Vertigo. 



Auriculacea,. — This family have also 

 spiral shells, they may be distinguished from 

 the preceding by the eyes being placed at the 

 base of the tentacles, there are only two genera, 

 Carychium and Conovulus. 



LymilBea/Cea- — This is the water dwel- 

 ling family of the Inoperculata, being the 

 only family which the order Pulmobranchiata 

 contains, the shells are very variable, some 

 being spiral, some coiled into a flat disc, and 

 others conical or cap shaped. The genera 

 ore Planorbis, Physa, Lynin'aa, and Ancylus. 



Operculata-— Consist of four families, 

 one forming the order of Pulmonifeva, breath- 

 ing air and living on land, named Cyclostom- 

 acea, and three forming the order Branchifera, 

 breathing water, and consequently living in 

 it, namely Littoracea, Peristoinata, and Neri- 

 tacea . 



Cyclostomacea.— This family which 

 contains all the land shells having an oper- 

 culum is a very small one, consisting of two 

 genera, and only two species, the shells are 

 spiral. The genera are Cyclostoma and Acme. 



Littoracea-— This is the family which 

 contains the well-known Periwinkles ( Lit- 

 torina Littorea), they, however, inhabit salt 

 water, and are therefore not included in our 

 -present subject, which has only one British 

 repre -.entative of the family, this is a small 

 spiral shell, not more than a quarter of an 

 inch in length, the animal has short tentacles. 

 \x\t\i the eyes at the extremities ; the genus 

 is named Assiminea. 



Pa ristomata. — The shells of this family 

 arc mostly spiral, the aperture is "entire," or 

 in other words the lip is continuous all round 

 the aperture, not, as in many other instances, 

 divided where it joins the inner whorl of the 

 shell ; the head is rather long and trunk 

 shaped, the eyes are either at the base of the 

 tentacles, or raised on separate stalks ; there 

 are three genera, Bythinea, Pahidina, and 

 Valval a. 



Neritacea. — This family has only one 



i British species, the shell is solid, oval in 

 . shape, the whorls increasing rapidly in size ; 



the trunk or proboscis is short compared 

 1 with the preceding family, the eyes are on 



short stalks, not on the tentacles. The genus 

 ! is named Neritina. 



This completes the description of the 



families very briefly given, the object being 



to say in as few words as possible enough to 

 | assist the young conchologist to classify such 

 I shells as he may obtain, rather than to give 

 | full description. 



(To be continued.) 



ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES 

 FOR BEGINNERS. 



By C. S. Gregsom. 

 JULY. 



If my young friends will carefully go over 

 my notes for June, and then make plenty of 

 sugar, and apply it in various localities when 

 the moon is dark, they will be satisfied that 

 July is the height of the season, and having 

 ascertained that fact, work as they have not 

 hitherto done, and they will be amply repaid. 

 To name all the species of Lepidoptera which 

 may be secured in July would fill the Young 

 Naturalist, and to do the same with the other 

 | orders would more than fill it. Suffice it to 

 I say, Diptera are now everywhere ; Neuroptera 

 generally near ditches, swamps, and other wet 

 places ; Orthoptera on waste or sandy lands ; 

 Hemiptera in umbrageous places, and Coleop- 

 tera anywhere. The Geodephage (ground 

 beetles) in damp places, as ditches and river 

 banks ; the Hydeodephaga in ditches, ponds, or 

 flashes of water, especially an waste lands ; 

 the Philidrida not far from such places; the 

 Necrophaga on or near dead animals, or vege- 

 | table matter, or in fungi anywhere, but 

 I especially in or near woods, and on waste 

 lands, or on the shore. The Helocera in 

 flowers, or in, or under bark of trees, and 

 often with the last family. The Lamellicorncs 

 in woods, some eating timber, others living 



