808 



THE YOUNG NATUKALIST. 



of Leicester, had a specimen with a black 

 patch at the base of all the wings {Zoologist, 

 vol, ii, p. 471). A specimen is also recorded 

 in the Entomologist, vol. iv, p. 258, by Mr. 

 Bramwell, of Perth, which is of a uniform 

 dusky black, but not so deep as the black of 

 the spots, which are quite distinct. We 

 have not seen either of these specimens. 

 Chariclea, Steph., was supposed by this close 

 observer to be distinct from Brassiccs. He 

 distinguished them thus : Brassier, tip of 

 wing black, indented between the veins ; 

 Chariclea, tip of wing grey, not indented 

 between the veins. Chariclea was also sup- 

 posed to be smaller, and to have but one 

 brood. Nepalensis, Gray, occurs in Northern 

 India, and we believe differs from Brassier 

 only in having the markings larger. 



Allied Species. — Cheiranthi, Hub., 

 occurs in the Canaries, and is very close to 

 Nepalensis, having the spots still larger. It is 

 probably only a variety of Brassica, intensi- 

 fied in color as G. cleobule (see page 236) is 

 more intense than Cleopatra, and the latter 

 than Rhamni. Krueperi, Staud., inhabits the 

 Greek mountains. It is rather smaller, and 

 the black mark at the tip is broken up into 

 spots or dashes. 



Parasites. — Apanteles glomeratus, PI. 5, 

 Fig. 2c, is parasitic in the larva of this 

 species. When the larvae of the ichneumon 

 are full fed, they come out of their victim, 

 and spin small yellow silken cocoons, while 

 the larva on which they had fed, seems now 

 only to be an empty skin. This ichneumon is 

 very common. PI. 5, Fig. 2d, represents an 

 undetermined Microgaster bred from Brassica 

 larva by Mr. G. C. Bignell, of Plymouth. 



CAPTURES, NOTES, &c. 



Agrotis lucernea at Hudderfield. — 

 Last night (July 16th) I took a female speci- 

 men of Agrotis lucernea, which had flown into 

 the house. This is the second specimen of 

 this insect that has been taken in this district. 

 — S. L. Mosley, Huddersfield. 



CONCHOLOGY. 



LAND AND FRESH-WATLR SHELLS. 

 By H. T. Robson, Stockton-on-Tees. 



( Continued from page 295.) 



FAMILY, COLIMACEA. 

 Genus, Vitrina. 

 This genus may be said to form another 

 link between the slugs and the typical snail, 

 the shell is whorled, and is smooth and 

 glassy, it affords a protection to the vital 

 organs of the animal, but is too small to 

 admit of the whole b®dy being contracted 

 within it. There is only one British species, 

 Pellucida. 



Peliuclda. — Has a greenish glassy shell, 

 of small size, it is oval, the spire being only 

 very slightly raised, and the whorls increas- 

 ing rapidly in size, the aperture is large in 

 proportion to the size of the shell, the animal 

 is pale grey, with two violet lines down the 

 tentacles and neck. This species is common 

 throughout Britain, and may be found under 

 stones or moss. 



Genus, Succinea. 



The shells of this genus are thin, and 

 amber colored, oval with raised spires. The 

 apertures are large and oblique. The animals 

 have four tentacles, the lower pair being very 

 short ; the foot is large. There are three 

 species, Putris, Elegans, and Oblonga. 



Putris. — Has a thin transparent shell, of 

 yellow or amber color. It is somewhat 

 spindle shaped, being swollen in the middle, 

 and tapered towards each end, the spire is 

 pointed, but small, the sutures are slightly 

 compressed ; this mollusk though breathing 

 air, is always to be found about water or 

 damp places, on reeds or mud by the sides of 

 streams, &c. It may be found in all parts of 

 the British Isles. 



Elegans.— This is considered by many 

 Conchologists to be only a variety of Putris, 

 it is similar to it in form, and more com- 

 pressed at the sutures, and a little redder in 

 color. It is found in similar situations. 



