173 



quents open grassy places among trees, but is 

 sometimes extremely local. In one wood 

 near Castle Eden it is abundant close up to 

 the turnpike which passes through the wood, 

 but it never occurs on the other side of the road. 

 While it is generally distributed in Scotland, 

 it is only known in the northern counties of 

 England, excluding Northumberland. It 

 occurs in several parts of Europe : in 

 Switzerland, Turkey, the Caucasus, and the 

 mountains of Eastern Siberia. 



Variation. — Medea varies in the extent 

 of the fulvous band, and in the number and 

 size of the eyed spots. The difference of the 

 sexes has already been named. The Swiss 

 specimens I have seen, are larger than British 

 specimens, and the females have one eyed 

 spot more on the fore wing, like Ligeu. I 

 am not clear that this is the variety called 

 Lencotsnia, in Staudinger's catalogue, the 

 fascia on the underside does not differ in my 

 specimens from some of the British forms, 

 so that it is probably not this variety. An- 

 other is named Melusina, H.S. It has the 

 fulvous band on the wings more obscured, 

 [n my own collection is a single example of 

 this butterfly with one of the hind wings 

 bleached in the same way as Janjra so often 

 is, but scarcely to so great an extent. There 

 sa variety of the female (PI. 13, Fig. 4a) w ith 

 i pale ash-coloured band across the under- 

 side of the hind wings. 



Parasites- — From the larvae I had last 

 rear (1880), both Mr. Mosley and I bred 

 'specimens of a small Ichmenmon, which we 

 lave not yet been able to determine. 



Genus. Ill, Ccenonympha, Hb. 

 " This genus comprises the smallest species 

 A the present family, which are distinguished 

 )y the strongly swollen condition of the base 

 )f the three principal veins of the fore wings, 

 he entire margin of all the wings clothed 

 vith long fringe, the place of insertion of the 

 econd branch of the postcostal vein of the 

 ore wings, the eyes naked, the colours gene- 

 rally uniform fulvous or brownish ochre, 



with a more or less distinct eyelet near the 

 tip, and another more rarely near the anal 

 angle of the fore wings, and the hind wings 

 with a broad whitish irregular bar beyond 

 the middle of the under-side, followed by a 

 row of small ocelli, or simple small pale 

 dots, which are succeeded in some of the 

 , species by a silver submarginal line." — 

 West-wood, Cenera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. 



This genus includes between twenty and 

 thirty species, the greater part of which are 

 European, two occurring in Great Britain; 



PAM1THEUS, Linn. PI. if>. fig. 4. 

 The Small Heath 

 j r< Pamphilus, L., P'am'fhilus, a common 

 name among the Romans. — A. L, 



Imago — 1M. r6, Fig. 4.- Uniformly pale 

 brown, with an eyed spot at the tip, which is 

 J sometimes scarcely visible, the margins 

 j darker, Under-side: — Fore wing like the 

 j upper side, but the eyed spot much more 

 distinct, being a white-centred black spot in a 

 yellow ring. Hind wing dark, greenish to- 

 wards the base, then an irregular pale band, 

 nol extending beyond the middle of the wing, 

 beyond this the wing is paler and rather 

 clouded, and a row of spots more or less 

 i distinct may be traced. 



Larva. — Green, with darker dorsad, sub- 

 | dorsal, and spiracular lines. 



Pupa — Suspended by the tail, bright 

 j green, with minute white spots, rather broad 

 ! and blunt at the head. 



Food Plant —Various species of grass, 

 j small mat grass (Nsudus stricta) , annual 

 1 meadow grass (Poa annua), crested dog-tail 

 j grass (Cynosurus eristalus). 



Times of Appearance.— This butterfly 



may be found from May to the end of sum- 

 | mev ; but perhaps is most abundant when the 

 1 first brood is fairly on the wing. The larvae 

 I appears to hybernale in various stages of 

 growth, and might probably be found all the 

 year round, as there is evidently a continued 

 succession of broods. I am not in a position 

 to say that it passes the winter in the pupa 



