1*82 



THE YOUNG NATURALIST. 



edged with yellow, -spiracular line yellow, 

 spiracles brownish. 



Pupa — Suspended by the tail from a 

 grass stem, green or pale brown, clouded, 

 and marked with darker, rather short and 

 stumpy. 



Food Plants- — Owen, Wilson, and New- 

 man give Beak Rush {Rhyncospora alba) as the 

 only known food of this species, but a writer 

 (Mr. Joseph Chappell) in the Entomologists' 

 Weekly Intelligencer, vol. i, p. 35, says . — 

 "The larva of this species feeds on the 

 cotton grass, near the roots, in May ; it is 

 green, with six white lines. The Pupa is 

 green, with three dusky stripes on each wing 

 case; it is suspended by the tail." 



Habitat - -Typhon frequents damp moors, 

 bogs, and mosses ; is found in Ireland, in the 

 northern counties of England, and in Scot- 

 land. It occurs in Northern Europe, Asia, 

 and America, but is not found at all in more 

 southern localities. 



Variation. — A very variable species. 

 The specimens occurring at Chat Moss, Man- 

 chester, and other of the more southerly 

 lojalities are darker in hue than those found 

 further north, and the eyes are much larger 

 and more distinct. Four, five, or even six 

 distinct black, white-centred spots, in pale 

 rings, are on the under-side of the hind 

 wings, and two or three on the fore wings, 

 which show more or less distinctly through 

 to the upper side. This form with large dis- 

 tinct eyes (Fig. 3a) is the Philoxcnus of Esper, 

 is called Davus in Kirby's European Butter- 

 flies, and Rothliebii in Newman's British 

 Butterflies. In the North of England and in 

 Scotland the specimens are paler in colour, 

 the band on the under-side is less distinct, 

 and the eyed spots fewer in number and 

 much less distinct, some of them being a 

 mere pale dot, without trace of either the 

 black spot or white centre. This form is the 

 Laidiou of Borkhausen, and is the same as 

 that called Typhon in Kirby, and Davus in 

 Newman. A third variety, smaller and still 

 paler, with the eyed spots entirely wanting, 



or only traceable as pale dots, and the pale 

 band little different from the ground color, 

 occurs in Lapland, and is called Isis, Thub. 

 I expect this is similar to that figured on page 

 97 by Newman, from Shetland, and as those 

 from Orkney spoken of by Doubleday, as 

 and being nearly white. The names Typhon 

 Davus are general terms, including all the 

 varieties. 



Parasites- — None known, the species 

 having been rarely bred. 



Genus IV, Salyi us. 



" Satyrus, Bdv., Satv'rus, a Satyr, a rustic 

 deity, half man, and half goat. Cf. Yirg. 

 Eel. v. 73."— A.L. 



The species included in this genus in 

 Doubleday's Catalogue are placed in three 

 separate genera by Kirby. We have followed 

 Doubleday rather to avoid confusion, than 

 that there is not sufficient distinction, at any 

 rate so far as the first two species are con- 

 cerned, for they have hairy eyes, a very 

 marked characteristic. There is also some 

 doubt as to the state in which they pass the 

 winter, as will be seen under each species. 

 The synonomy of these Genera is very con- 

 fused. We give in three columns the 

 species, and the names of the Genera 

 applied to them by different authors : — 



Doubleda}'. Westwood. Kirby. 



Satyrus. Lasiommater. Satyrus. 



JEgeria. TEgeria. ^Egeria, 



Megitra . M egcera . Megj-ra . 



Satyrus. Ephinephle. 

 Janira. Janira. Janira. 



Tithorun. Tithomus, Tithornus. 



Hyperanthvs. Ifvperanthus. Hipparchia, 



Hyperanthus. 

 Semele. Semele. Semele. 



This will show how the generic names have 

 been mixed, and how closely allied the species 

 must be. The third column is the most 

 modern arrangement, and that most in use in 

 this country, where our limited number of 

 Butterflies and insular prejudices prevent 



