THE YOUNG NATUKALlST. 



191 



themselves, but by the animal occupying (Cyprua Europaa), almost the only repre- 

 them. The old division into Bivalves and sentative of its genus to be found here. On 

 Univalves is right enough as it happens, but the slimy arms of oarweed floating here may 

 whether the dwellers in these shells have, or be found the beautiful blue-lined Limpet 

 have not, a head is what is now looked at in ( Patella pelucida ). The bright blue lines in 

 their classification, as by this means those the apex of this species are scarcely to be 

 members of the Mollusca that have no seen on those washed ashore by the tide, 

 shells, can also be properly classified. (See Other species must be sought by dredging, 

 Young Naturalist, vol. i, p. 271. Sec. ) In order when you may obtain oth'jr curious Limpets 

 to learn something of the inhabitant of the — the Keyhole Limpet {Fissurella reticulata), 

 shell it is necessary to get the animal alive, and the Hungarian Bonnet {Pileopsis Htingart* 

 and by so doing, the collector not only gets cus), the Pelican's Foot (Aporrhuis pk-pelicani), 

 his shells in much finer condition, but he also and many others. All named so far are Uni- 

 learns something of the habits of the various valves, and many Bivalves may be found in 

 species. Not that we would undervalue similar situations. Mussels in large beds 

 promiscuous collecting, but when you learn above low water-mark. Oysters, Scallops, 

 by getting a few living specimens, what they Sec., in deeper water. Cockles, Gapers, Razor 

 really are like, you will separate the wheat ( Shells, and many others burrow in the sand 

 from the chaff, and pick up only those that or mud at about low water, and often at con- 

 are good enough to be worth preserving, siderable depths. They are easiest obtained 

 Turn to the rocks, then, with their seaweed alive when a heavy ground swell has shifted 

 mantle, and their little pools filled with the bottom, but they may sometimes be found 

 water, beautifully pelucid. The common Peri- on the surface, and must be approached 

 winkle (Littorina littoreaj, so much used as cautiously, as they bury themselves very 

 an article of food, can bear the heat of a sum- quickly on the slightest alarm, and you will 

 mer's sun for many hours, and is found on not find it easy to dig them out. Bivalve 

 the rocks, almost at high water-mark. Other shells, however, are oftener found uninjured 

 species of the same genus will be found under on the beach than Univalves, and we have 

 the bladder wrack (fucus) that covers those often gathered even the very delicate pelucid 

 rocks, left bare every receding tide. In the | Razor-shell (Sulen pellucidus) quite perfect, 

 pools here will be found various species of Other Bivalves bore into stone, and must be 

 Tvochus, or top shells, and whelks of various got out with a hammer and chisel. Our 

 genera. Still further down may be found on , space is already exceeded, but a little prac- 

 those rocks that are uncovered each tide, but tice will soon teach you what we have left 

 for a shorter period, the common Limpet < unsaid. One more remark, and we have 

 (Patella vulgata). It is astonishing how done. If you find it inconvenient to dredge, 

 closely these animals cling to the stone, and perhaps in any case, it will be worth 

 Select the shell you want, but be careful not your while to make friends with the fisher- 

 to touch it, until, by a sudden and smart jerk, men, who often bring deep sea shells to the 

 you dislodge it from its place. If you acci- surface on their lines, We have also sorae- 

 dentally touch it, or do not succeed in your ] times obtained fine specimens by examining 

 first attempt, it is no use to try again, for you | the contents of the stomachs of flat fish, who 

 will not get it off now without injuring the swallow the shell for the sake of the inhabit- 

 shell. Still further down, at the extreme ant. Of course, the process of digestion is as 

 verge of " low water," may be found the j injurious as the action of the sea, but those 

 purple-spotted Trochus (T. ziziphinus), the ; that have not been long in the stomach of 

 Rock Murex, and the pretty little Cowry , the fish are often quite perfect. 



