THE YOU TO NATURALIST. 



317 



near the centre, and a row of short streaks 

 without white outlines near the hind margin. 

 The female is like the male except it has a 

 broad black hind margin to the fore wings, and 

 a narrow one to the hind wings. 



Larva. — Green, with a darker dorsal 

 line, sometimes reddish or crimson ; head 

 and legs black. 



Pupa. — Short and blunt, smooth, green 

 with brown markings, and a darker dorsal 

 line. 



Food Plants — Flowers of Holly 

 {Ilex aquifolium), Ivy 'Hedcra helix), and 

 Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula). Blackberry, 

 Wilson. 



Times of Appearance. — This is 



another very common butterfly about which 

 there are considerable doubts, or perhaps I 

 should say, want of certainty, as but few 

 records of its capture in the larval state are 

 in existence. The butterfly appears in April 

 or May, and as the Holly and Buckthorn 

 flower in May, there is little doubt the 

 larvae of the first brood feed on these plants. 

 It is full fed in June, and the Imago of the 

 second brood is on the wing early in August. 

 The eggs are deposited in August and Sept- 

 ember, and the Ivy, which flowers late in : 

 the year, is considered to be the natural 

 food of the second brood of larvae. A diffi- 

 culty, however, has been pointed out with 

 respect to this apparent migration from one 

 plant to another, that the butterfly occurs 

 in many places where but one of these plants 

 grow. Mr. Owen Wilson has perhaps partly 

 solved the problem, for he calls attention to 

 the fact that one of his correspondents (Mrs. 

 Boley) caught a butterfly on the 26th of 

 August. " It refused to lay on holly or ivy ; 

 but as she caught it on the blackberry 

 blossoms, she gave it a spray on the 30th 

 August, and it at once commenced laying ; 

 it continued to do so until the 4th Septem- 

 ber, and laid altogether twenty-six eggs." 

 As blackberry or bramble is abundant every- j 

 where, and flowers at the right time of year | 



for the second brood, this may explain part 

 of the apparent difficulty. The question 

 now arises, does the butterfly occur any- 

 where where neither Holly nor Buckthorn 

 are found. Of this I have no knowledge, 

 and can find no records, but call the atten- 

 tion of the readers of the Young Naturalist 

 to the matter, hoping to have it solved next 

 spring. It would be also well to have Mrs. 

 Boley's discovery confirmed by other obser- 

 vers, that it may be found not to be a merely 

 accidental occurrence. 



Habitat. — Generally distributed in the 

 South of England, not uncommon in the 

 North, and apparently absent from Scotland. 

 It occurs all over Ireland. It is found 

 throughout Europe, and extends into several 

 parts of Asia, bordering thereon, but does 

 not appear to have any wider range. 



Variation — Argiolus varies but little. 

 The black border of the female is some- 

 times wider, sometimes narrower, and a 

 male specimen in the collection of Mr. C. 

 A. Briggs, has both wings broadly margined 

 with black, very much more so than is usual 

 even in the females. A specimen in my own 

 collection is a very pale shade of blue. 

 Only one variety is named, Hypoleuca, Koll., 

 a form without the spots or streaks on the 

 underside. It occurs in Persia and the 

 Island of Cyprus. 



THE HAREBELL 



(Campanula rotundifolia.J 



By J. P. Solttkr, Bishop Auckland. 



Although in Britain we have eight or nine 

 species of the genus Campanula or bell- 

 flowers, either indigenous or naturalized, 

 all of which are easily recognised from their 

 showy and attractive flowers. Yet only two 

 of them can be said to be well-known, these 

 are, the giant bell-flower [Campanula latifolia) 

 which is common throughout Scotland and 

 the North of England, in wooded glens and 



