NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



natives of damp ditches or way-sides, in cool parts of the world ; in the tropics they are extremely rare 

 The simplicity of their structure, and uniformity of their appearance, have rendered their classification 

 a matter of very great difficulty. It has been attempted in modern days by Sprengel, Lagasca, Koch, 

 and Decandolle, all of whom have added much to our knowledge. The arrangement of Koch and De- 

 candolle is here adopted as the most perfect, upon the whole, of any yet published. The culinary and 

 agricultural importance of many species is well known ; the parsnep and carrot form a large part of the 

 staple winter store of the inhabitants of Europe, as the Arracachas do of those of South America ; and 

 the Prangos of Thibet is supposed to be the most important and productive of any in the whole world, as 

 a forage plant. The medicinal properties of Umbelliferas are not more powerful than they are at variance with 

 each other. "While the seeds of some are aromatic, and stimulating in the highest degree, the fresh roots and 

 leaves of others are not less narcotic. This has been supposed to arise from the difference in the state of the 

 sap in different parts of the plant ; and it has been thought that the narcotic principle is only to be found in 

 the ascending sap, while the aromatic stimulant properties are found in the juices, which are fully elaborated 

 and matured. It has been already observed, that their dangerous properties are often removed by cultivation ; 

 the common celery is a familiar instance of this ; but the most remarkable, that of ffinanthe pimpinelloides, a 

 most dangerous species when wild, which is cultivated about Angers for the sake of its roots, which are there 

 called Jouanettes, and about Saumur, where they are known by the name of Mechons. The roots of some 

 UmbelHferas contain a large proportion of sugar; those of the carrot, when dried, more than an eighth ; those 

 of the parsnep just an eighth ; and those of the chervil about eight parts in 100. Galbanum, Opopanax, and 

 Assafcetida, are all the produce of different species of Umbellifera?. Division or seeds, sometimes by cuttings. 



271 Suborder I. ORTHOSPE R- 

 MM {orlhos, straight, sperma, 

 seed ; form). 

 272. Tribe 1. Hydrocotyli'nejs 

 Spr. Koch. 

 273. Subtribe 1. Hydrocotylce. 

 lig. 0. herb. 4. £ 2 ft. 



863 Hydrocotyle L. *0 4 

 867 Trachvmene Rud. 



864 Bowles^a R. & S. 



274 Subtribe 2. Mulince. 

 866 Drii5« Dec 



865 Spananthe Jac. 



Tib. Tribe 2. SanicuYe.*: Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 35. £ 14| ft. 



846 Actinotus Lab. 



823 Sanicula L. *0 3 



886 Astrantia L. 0 6 



839 D6ndia Spr. 0 1 



822 Pryngium L. *0 25 



i 1 Tribe 3. Ammi'ne^e Koch, 

 diss. 



lig. 1. herb. 113. § 3 ft. ; £ 24 ft. 



888 Pumia Hofm. 0 1 



851 Cicuta L. *0 4 



3319 Zizirt Koch 0 1 



855 ^pium L. *0 4 

 3330 Petroselinum Hofm. *0 3 



847 Tr'inia Hofm. *0 3 

 3316 Helosciadium Koch *0 5 

 3318 Drepanophvllum Hofm. 1 

 3315 Ptychotis Koch 0 4 



849 Slson L. *0 5 



850 Schultzm Spr. 0 1 

 841 y*'mmi L. 0 8 



856 iEgopbdium L. *0 1 

 859 Carum L. *0 3 

 831 Punium L. *0 4 



836 Pimpinella Z,. *0 11 



837 TYagium Spr. 0 7 

 829 Ledebur/a Lk. 0 1 

 828 Oliven'aVen. 0 1 



848 Sium L. *0 9 

 3312 Conopodium Koch 0 3 



861 Pupleurum L. *0 33 



862 Tenbna Spr. 1 0 



277. Tribe 4. Seseli'ne;e Koch. 



lig. 0. herb. 93. £24| ft. 

 833 ffinanthe L. *0 15 



838 Phellandrium L. 



*0 



1 



869 iEthusa L. 



*0 



4 



844 Seseli L. 



*0 



27 



860 Cnidium Cus. 



0 



7 



3325 Trochisanthes Koch 



0 



1 



835 ^thamanta L. 



0 



12 



875 iigusticum L. 



*0 



13 



3317 Brignblia Bert. 



0 



1 



3323 Moloposptrmum Koch 0 



1 



3324 Levisticum Koch 



0 



1 



3328 Silaus Bes. 



*0 



3 



832 Wallroth?a Spr. 



0 



2 



857 Mtum Tou. 



*0 



4 



834 Crithmumi. 



0 



1 



278. Tribe 5. AngelIcejs 

 Koch. 



lig. 0. herb. 25. £ 13| ft. 



874 Angelica L. *0 7 



3321 Archangelica Hofm. *0 2 



3322 Ostericum Hofm. 0 1 

 873 Selinum L. 0 14 



?872 Th ysselinum Hofm. 0 1 



279. Tribe 6. Peuceda^ne*; 

 Koch, diss, 

 lig. 0. herb. 93. £27|ft. 



3329 Opopanax Koch 0 1 



880 ferula L. 0 18 



3326 Ferulago Koch 0 2 



882 Peucedanum L. *0 24 



870 Imperatbria L. *0 3 



871 Callisace Us. 0 1 



842 Pubon L. 



858 ^nethum L. 0 6 



853 Capnophyllum Gae. 0 1 



883 Pastinaca L. *0 8 



884 Hex&cleum L. *0 28 

 887 Zosimia Hofm 0 1 



280. Tribe 7. ToRDYXiNEiE Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 11. £7§ ft. 



868 Ulosptrmum Lk. 0 1 



878 Hasselquist/a L. 0 2 



885 Tordylium L. *0 5 

 3331 Condylocarpus Hofm. *0 3 



281. Tribe 8. Sileri'ne^;. 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 3 ft. 



3327 Siler Sco. 0 1 



282. Tribe 9. Cum'ine.e Koch,diss. 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 1 ft. 



843 CumlnumZ.. 0 1 



283. Tribe 10. Thapsie\e Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 28. £16 ft. 



845 Thapsia L. 0 7 



881 iaserpitium L. 0 19 



3320 Melanoselinum Hofm. 0 1 

 879 Artedia L. 0 1 



284. Tribe 11. Daucine^e Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 23. £ 12^ ft. 



3313 Orlaya Hofm. 0 3 



825 Caucus L. *0 17 

 3332 Platyspdrmum Hofm. 0 3 



285. Suborder II. CAMPYLO- 

 SPERMJE (kampylos, curved, 

 sperma, seed ; form). 



286. Tribe 12. CaucalIne*: Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 16. £9|ft. 



826 Caucalis L. *0 8 



3314 Turgenia Hofm. *0 1 



827 Torilis Gae. *0 6 

 ?840 Trachyspermum Lk. 0 1 



287. Tribe 13. Scandicine.e Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 37. £15 ft. 



819 Scandix L. *0 6 



820 ^nthriscus Pers. *0 10 



821 Chaerophyllum L. *0 20 

 830 iV/yrrhis Mor. *0 1 



288. Tribe 14. Smy'rneje Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 29. £ 13 ft. 



717 Lagos^cia L. 0 1 



828 Oliver/a Ven. 0 1 

 824 Echinophora L. *0 3 



2898 Arctbpus L. 



889 Cachrys L. 0 10 

 891 Zfippomarathrum Lk. 0 1 



890 Agasyllis Spr. 0 1 

 2873 Hernias Thun. 



852 Cbniumi. *0 2 



3419 Pentacrypta Leh. 



877 Pleurosp^i-mum Hofm. 0 1 



854 Smyrnium L. *0 7 



876 Physospermum Cus. *0 2 



289. Suborder III. COLLOSPE'R- 



MJE (koilos, channelled, sperma, 

 seed j form). 



290. Tribe 15. Coria'ndrejj Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £3 ft. 



818 Biforis Spr. 0 2 



817 Coriandrum L. 0 1 



291. Order XCIX. ARALIA v CEi£. 



Genera 1, Species 43 ; Hot-house Species 26 ; Green-house Species 5 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 7 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 5. £ 15 feet ; £ 6 feet ; =*= 0 feet. 



Araha.ceae are a slight divergence from the well-known Umbellifera?, with which they nearly agree in habit, 

 ?n C • A 1 " u g usual! y frutescent, and from which they are obviously distinguished by their 5-celled fruit. 

 . "eir flowers have no beauty, but the foliage of many is extremely fine, especially of the species of Sciodaphyl- 

 Ti in V n-f ° Ur comnion iv T mus t not be omitted. Their medicinal properties are much the same as those of 

 urn bell itera;, except the fruit, which differs in virtues as it does in botanical structure. Their bark exudes an 

 aromatic gum resin, as in Aralia umbellifera. Their roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavor of parsnep. 

 ine famous ginseng, which is produced by a Panax, is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative, and even 

 apnrodisiacal qualities ; but it is probable that these have been greatly exaggerated. Cuttings, layers, roots : 

 some by division. . 



■2899 Panax L. 

 806 Cusson/a L. 

 912 Sciodaphj Hum Bi 



911 Aralia L. 

 1466 Gastunm J. 



2 3 I 3386 AdarmVz WaL 

 718 Hedera L. 



