xxiv NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



exemplified in L«s than a tenth of these spaces. The modification of the Natural System here given is that 

 of De Candolle ; and it contains only the genera and species enumerated in his elementary Th«ory of 

 Botany.* 



The enumeration of the species under the different garden divisions of hardy, herbaceous, &c, and under 

 the botanic divisions of orders, tribes, &c, is of important and varied use and interest, in respect to garden 

 culture, vegetable geography, and the formation of herbariums and collections of figures of plants ; but this 

 we presume to be so obvious to every gardener and botanist as not to require explanation. 



INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. 



First Graifd Division, VASCULATURES 

 and cellular tissue), or 



First Class, Dicotyledo x ne.e {dis, two, 



Subdivision I. Dichlamydea: (dis, two, 

 calyx and 



Subclass 1. Thalamiflbras {thalamus, a bed, 

 mens under pistillum). — 1. Ranuneulaceae, 

 Magnoliacese, 4. Anonaceas, 5. Menisper- 

 deae, 7 Podophyllaceas, 8. Hydropeltideaj, 



Subclass 2. Calyciflbra? {calyx and flos ; sta- 



— £.9. Celastrineas, 60. Rhamnea?, 61. Bru- 

 6 !. Homalineaa, 64. Chailletiaceas, 65. 

 Tereb'mthacea?, 67. Leguminusse, &c, to 



Subclass 3. Corolliflora? {corolla and flos; sta- 



— 117. Epacr idea; 118. Symplooineae, 119. 

 sinea?, 121. Sapotea?, 122. Ebenacea;, 123. 

 125. Jasnrineas, 126. Strychneae, &c.,to 150. 



Subdivision II. Monochlamydea? 



calyx and corolla 

 151. Plantagineae, 152. Nyctaginea?, 153. Ama- 

 tolaceae, 155. Chenopbdea?, &c, to 177. 



Second Class, MoNocoTYLEDbNEJE 

 178. Cycadea?, 179. Hydrocharidea?, 180. Alis- 

 mea?, 182. Juncagfnea;, 183. Orchidea?, &c, 



Second Grand Division, CELLULA r RES 

 tissue only), or ACOTYLE- 



First Class, Folia^ceje 

 1. Filices, 2. Equisetaceae, 3. Lycopodineaa, &c. 



Second Class, Aphy'lue {a, priv., 

 7. A'lgae, 8. Lichenes, 



{vas, a vessel ; plants with spiral vessels 

 COTYLEDO NEiE. 27729 sp. 



and kotyledon; cotyledons two). 



and chlamys , a coat or covering ; 

 corolla distinct). 



oS No 

 _ _ d -a of hardy 



flos, a flower; sta- species. 

 2. Dilleniacea?, 3. 

 macea?, 6. Berber!- r i 

 &c, to 58. Coriarieae. 58 \ ^ 



mens on the calyx), 

 niacese, 62. Samydea?, 

 Aquilarineas, 66. 

 116. Peneacea? - 



No. of feet 

 in the sides 

 of squares 

 of surface 

 of ground 

 and water 

 requisite to 

 grow the 

 hardy spe- 

 cies. 



138 

 96 

 8 



Ja 



1308 

 4552 



mens on the corolla). 

 Styracineaj,120. Myr- 

 Brexieaa, 124. Oleinae, ^ , 

 Plumbagineas - - 34 j ^ 



{monos, one, chlamys> a coat 

 not distinct). 



ranthaceae, 154. Phy- ( , 

 Empetreas - - 27 ) ^ 



{monos, one, and kotyledon 

 macea?,- 181. Butb- - , 

 to 210. Gramineas - 33 i ^ 



233 

 1794 



A. 2021 



V, 



Jaq. 



}t 



Jag. 



>n oi 



f, 



J a( 



283 

 156 

 7 



96| 



334| 

 55| 

 6i 



cotyledon one). 

 34 7^- 



■h. 



I aq. 17 



{cellula, a little cell; plants with cellular 

 DO'NEiE {a, priv. and kotyledon). 2859 sp. 



{foliaceus, leafy ; habit), 

 to 6. Hepaticas - - 6 £ jj" 



phyllon, a leaf ; leafless). 

 9. Fimgi - - 3 £ \ 



0 Ih. 

 127 Ug- 



0 



2446 



X HE difficulties connected with the adoption of the Natural System of plants are these, — that the characters 

 of many of the orders are at present imperfectly known, and that they all depend upon a consideration of many 

 points of structure which are not to be determined without much labour and a considerable degree of practical 

 skill in the use of the microscope and the dissecting knife. But the facilities which the habit of viewing 

 natural bodies with reference to the relations they bear to other bodies, and not as insulated individuals 

 merely possessing certain peculiarities by which they may be referred to some station in an artificial system, 

 ultimately gives to the investigations of the naturalist, are so great, that difficulties of the nature just alluded 

 to should not be suffered to influence the botanist in determining which line of study he will follow, 

 whether that pointed out by Linnaeus, or that traced by the hand of nature. By the artificial system of 

 Linnaeus, indeed, no great difficulty exists in determining the number of stamens or styles possessed by a given 

 plant, or the nature of their combination, and from the knowledge so obtained, in referring them to their 

 ••lass and order in the Linnean system. But when this step has been gained, what more has been acquired 

 than the bare knowledge that the plant in question possesses a certain number of stamens and styles ? No 

 possible notion can be formed of the relation it bears to other plants of the same nature, of the qualities 

 it probably possesses, or of the structure of those parts not under examination — the fruit for example; and, 

 finally, if it were wished to convey an idea of the plant to a stranger, no means would be in the possession of 

 the Linnean botanist of doing so, except by stating that the plant belonged to Pentandria Monogynia for 

 example, which is stating nothing. But what would be the condition of the student of the natural affinities 

 of plants in a similar case ? It is true he would be obliged to consult more characters than the two uninfluen- 

 tial ones of Linna?us : it would be necessary to ascertain if his subject was Vascular or Cellular ; if Vascular, 

 whether it was Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous; if Dicotyledonous, whether the leaves were opposite or 

 alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, whether the flowers were monopetalous, polypetalous, or apetalous, the 

 nature and station of the stamens, the condition of the ovarium, and so on. But when lie has ascertained 

 thus much, only let it be remembered, for a moment, how much he has gained indirectly as well as directly. 



* T.'ieorie E'lementnire de la Botaniquc, ou Exposition dcs Principes dc la Classification Naturclle ct de 

 VArt de deer ire ct d'eiudicr les Vegetaux. 



