Chap. VII.] THE ELEPHANT. 223 



Home, from an examination of the muscular fibres in 

 the drum of an elephant's ear, came to the conclusion, 

 that notwithstanding the distinctness and power of his 

 perception of sounds at a greater distance than other 

 animals, he was insensible to their harmonious modula- 

 tion and destitute of a musical ear. 1 But Professor 

 Harrison, in a paper read before the Koyal Irish 

 Academy in 1847, has stated that on a careful examina- 

 tion of the head of an elephant which he had dissected, 

 he could " see no evidence of the muscular structure of 

 the membrana tympani so accurately described by Sir 

 E. Home." Sir Everaed's deduction, I may observe, 

 is clearly inconsistent with the fact that the power of 

 two elephants may be combined by singing to them a 

 measured chant, somewhat resembling a sailor's capstan 

 song ; and in labour of a particular kind, such as hauling 

 a stone with ropes, they will thus move conjointly a 

 weight to which their divided strength would be un- 

 equal. 2 



drivers of camels in Turkey, Pales- 

 tine, and Egypt encourage them to 

 speed by snouting ar-re ! ar-re ! 

 The Arabs in Algeria cry eirich ! 

 to their mules. The Moors seem 

 to have carried the custom with 

 them into Spain, where mules are 

 still driven with cries of arre 

 (whence the muleteers derive their 

 Spanish appellation of " arrieros "). 

 In France the Sportsman excites 

 the hound by shouts of hare ! hare! 

 and the waggoner there turns his 

 horses by his voice, and the use of 

 the word hurhaut ! In the North, 

 " Hurs was a word used by the old 

 "Germans in urging their horses to 

 speed ; " and to the present day, 

 the herdsmen in Ireland, and parts 

 of Scotland, drive their pigs with 



shouts of hurrish ! a sound closely 

 resembling that used by the ma- 

 houts in Ceylon. 



1 On the Difference between the 

 Human Membrana Tympani and 

 that of the Elephant. By Sir Eve- 

 rard Home, Bart., Philos. Trans., 

 1823. Paper by Prof. Harrison, 

 Proc. Eoyal Irish Academy, vol. iii. 

 p. 386. 



2 I have already noticed the 

 striking effect produced on the 

 captive elephants in the corral, by 

 the harmonious notes of an ivory 

 flute ; and on looking to the graphic 

 description which is given by 

 .ZElian of the exploits which he 

 witnessed as performed by the 

 elephants exhibited at Eome, it is 

 remarkable how very large a share 



