Chap. XIII.] 



LEECHES. 



485 



generally avail themselves of the opportunity afforded 

 by the dipping of the muzzles of the animals in the 

 water to fasten on their nostrils, and by degrees to 

 make their way to the deeper recesses of the nasal pas- 

 sages, and the mucous membranes of the throat and 

 gullet. As many as a dozen have been found attached 

 to the epiglottis and pharynx of a bullock, producing 

 such irritation and submucous effusion that death has 

 eventually ensued ; and so tenacious are the leeches that 

 even after death they retain their hold for some hours. 1 



APTEBA. 



THYSANURA. 



Podura albicollis. 



atricollis. 



viduata. 



pilosa. 

 Archoreutes coccinea. 

 Lepisma nigrofasciata, Temp. 



nigra, 



ARACHNID A. 



Buthus afer, Linn. 



Ceylonicus, Koch. 

 Scorpio linearis. 

 Chelifer Hbrorum. 



oblongus. 

 Ohisium crassijemur. 

 Phrynus lunatus, Pall. 

 Thelyphonus caudatus, Linn. 

 Phalangium bisignatum. 

 Mygale fasciata, Walck. 

 Olios taprobanius, Walck. 

 Nephila ? 



Articulata. 



Trombidium tinctorum, Herm. 



Oribata ? 



Ixodes ? 



MYRIAPODA. 



Cermatia dispar. 

 Lithobius umbratilis. 

 Scolopendra crassa. 



spinosa, Newp. 



pall i pes. 



Grayiif Newp. 



tuberculidens, Newp. 



Ceylonensis, Newp. 



flava, Newp. 



olivacea. 



abdominalis. 

 Cryptops sordidus. 



assimilis. 

 Geophilus tegular ius. 



speciosus. 

 Julus afer. 



carnifex, Fabr. 



pallipes. 



fiaviceps. 



pallidus. 



1 Even men, when stooping to 

 drink at a pool, are not safe from 

 the assault of the cattle leeches. 

 They cannot penetrate the human 

 skin, but the delicate membrane of 

 the mucous passages is easily rup- 



tured by their serrated jaws. In- 

 stances have come to my knowledge 

 of Europeans into whose nostrils 

 they had gained admission and 

 caused serious disturbance. 



113 



