NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



499 



The whole order is preeminently European ; 166 species are found in the north and middle of Europe, and 

 178 on the sea-shores of the Mediterranean ; 45 are found between Mogadore and Alexandria ; 184 in the 

 countries of the East, that is to say, Syria, Asia Minor, Tauria, and Persia ; 99 in Siberia ; 35 in China, Japan, 

 and India ; 16 in New Holland and the South Sea islands ; 6 in the Mauritius and adjacent countries ; 70 at 

 the Cape ; 9 in the Canaries ; 2 in Saint Helena ; 2 in the West Indies ; 41 in South America : 48 in North 

 America; 5 in Kamtchatka and the bordering islands; and finally, 35 are common to several parts of the 

 globe. From this it appears that there are about 100 species in the southern hemisphere, and about 800 in the 

 northern : or, if they are considered with reference to the zones of temperature, 205 are natives of the frigid 

 zone of the northern hemisphere ; 30 of the whole of the tropics ; 548 of the temperate zone of the northern 

 hemisphere ; and 86 of the southern. The forty-first degree of north latitude may be considered the equa- 

 torial line of Crucifera?, about half being found on one side of it, and half on the other. Their station is very 

 variable; many inhabit open sandy places, some form the vegetation about the limits of the perpetual 

 snows of lofty mountains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of the world. 



The useful qualities of the turnip, the radish, the rape, and the cabbage and its multiform varieties, are all 

 well known. The greater part of the order consists of plants possessing high antiscorbutic powers. These ap- 

 pear to depend upon a certain acrid, volatile, oily principle, the chemical nature of which is imperfectly known. 

 It is particularly abundant in the seeds of mustard and the roots of horseradish, and the leaves of Zepidium 

 latifblium, which latter exercise a violent influence upon the organs of digestion. The same sort of acrimony, 

 but in less degree, is found in the herbage of the scurvy-grass and the roots of the radish, which act much 

 more mildly when taken inwardly ; thus, when any cruciferous plants are found to be eatable, either from 

 culture or other circumstances, it is to be understood to depend upon a reduction of this acrid principle. The 

 exciting powers of this last are what render the horseradish, the scurvy-grass, and others, so remarkably 

 useful as antiscorbutics ; they are also believed to possess diuretic and diaphoretic properties. It is to be 

 remarked that Cruclfera? are always eatable when their texture is succulent and watery, as in the roots of the 

 radish and the turnip, and the leaves of the cabbage tribe. A further diminution of the acrid principle is 

 produced by blanching. Cruciferee are said to possess a greater share of azote than any other tribe of plants ; 

 as is apparent in their fetid smell when fermented. The embryo of all the order abounds in oil, whence many 

 species are employed with much advantage for expressing, either for eating or for feeding lamps. Some 

 of the species are extremely beautiful and fragrant, as the Stocks, the Gillyflowers, the Hesperides, the 

 Candytufts, and many others. The Hutchinsias, Drabas, Cardamines. &c, are among the most interesting of 

 alpine plants. Almost all the species are propagated by seeds, but some of them grow by cuttings, and the 

 perennials by division. 



32. Tribe 5. Anastati'ce*:, or 

 Pleurorhi'ze/E Septula^ive 

 (dim. of septum, a partition). 



1858 Anastatica £.. 





7 ft. 



0 



*13 



0 



*1 



0 



*14 



0 



1 



0 



3 



0 



*5 



0 



2 



0 





0 



*4 



0 



*63 



0 



1 



0 



*26 



0 



2 



0 



*12 



0 



1 



27. Suborder! PLEURORHF- 

 ZEM (pleuron, a side, rhiza, a 

 root ; radicle at the side of the 

 cotyledons) . 



28. Tribe 1. Arabi'de,e, or Pleu- 

 rorhi'zejE Siliquo v S;E (siliqua, a 

 long pod). 



lig. 0. herb. 149. £19.Ht. 



1817 Mathiola R. Br. 



1818 Cheiranthus L. 



1819 iVastCirtium R. Br. 



1820 Leptocarpae v a Dec. 



1821 Notoceras R. Br. 



1822 Barbarefl R. Br. 



1823 Stevenirt Adan. 



1824 Braya Ster. 



1826 Turritis Del. 



1827 ^'rabis L. 



1828 Macropodium R. Br 



1829 Cardamine L. 



1830 Pteroneuron Dec. 



1831 Dentaria L. 



1832 Neurolbma Dec. 



1825 Parrya R. Br. 



29. Tribe 2. Alyssi'neje, oi 

 Pleurorhi'zejE Latise ptjE (lo- 

 tus, broad, septum, a partition). 



lig. 8. herb. 100. £4! ft.; £14§ft. 



1833 LunariaZ,. 



1834 Ricotia L. 



1835 Farsetifl Turra 



1836 Berterba Dec. 



1837 AubrieU'a Adan. 



1838 Vesicaria Lam. 



1839 Schivereckz'a Andrz. 



1840 ^lyssum L. 



1841 Meniocus Desv. 



1842 Kortgrt R. Br. 



1843 Clypeola Gae. 



1844 Peltaria L. 



1845 Petrocallis R. Br. 



1846 Draba L. 



1847 Er6phila Dec. 



1848 Cochlearia Tou. 



30. Tribe 3. Thlaspi'dejE, or 

 Pleurorhi'ze^e Angustise'pt.e 

 (angustus, narrow, septum, a par- 

 tition). 



lig. 7. herb. 59. i 2£ft. ; £l3ft. 



1849 ThlaspiZW. 0 *8 



1850 Capsella Moen. 0 *5 



1851 Hutchins^ R. Br. 0 *7 



1852 Teesdaha R. Br. 0 *2 



1853 Zberis Z. *7 13 



1854 Biscutella L. 0 23 



1855 Megacarpa^a Dec. 0 1 



31. Tribe 4. Euclidje^je, orPLEU- 



RORHI'ZEjE NuCAMENTaY'EjE (nU- 



camentum, a catkin). 

 lig. 0. herb. 3. £ 2 feet. 



1856 Euclidium R. Br. 0 2 



1857 Ochthodium Dec. 0 1 



0 



' 3 



0 



1 



0 



2 



0 



2 



0 



3 



0 





0 



1 



8 



0 



0 



1 



0 



*1 



0 



2 



0 



0 



0 



1 



0 



*40 



0 



*3 



0 



*15 



33. Tribe 6. Cakili'nEjE, or Pleu- 



RORHl'ZEiE LOMENTA x CEJ3 



mentum, a loment). 

 ^.0. herb. 7. £3§feet. 

 1859 Cak )le Tou. " 0 



1861 ChorisporaZtec. 0 



(to- 



34. Suborder II. NOTORHF- 

 ZEM (notos, the back, rhixa, 

 a root ; position). 



35. Tribe 7. Sisy'mbre*;, or No- 



TORHl'ZEiE SlLIQUO^E. 



lig. 1. herb. 123. ? 3 ft.; £24|ft. 



1862 Malcomta R. Br. 0 9 



1863 tfesperis L. 0 *22 



1864 Andreoskia Dec. 0 4 



1865 Sisymbrium L. 0 *43 



1866 Alliaria Adan. 0 *2 



1867 -Erysimum L. *1 42 



1868 Leptaleum Dec. 0 1 



1869 Stanleys Nut. 



36. Tribe 8. Cameli'nejE, or No- 



TORHl'ZEJE LATISE'PTiE. 



lig. 0. herb. .8. £5|feet. 



1870 Camellna Crx. 



1871 Ne'slia Desv. 



37 



Tribe 9. Lepidi'ne.<e, or No- 

 torhi'zejE Angustise'pt^;. 

 lig. 2. herb. 36. t 3 ft. £ llfft 



1872 Senebiera Poir. 0 *3 



1873 Zepidium L. *2 28 



1874 Bivon^a Dec. 0 1 



1875 Eunbmia 



1876 JEthionema R. Br. 0 4 



38. Tribe 10. Isati'dee:, or Noto- 

 rhi ze.e Nucamenta x ce*;. 

 lig. 0. herb. 22. £ 11| ft. 



J 877 /satis Bauh. U *18 



1878 Tauscheria Fis. 0 2 



1879 Myagrum Z. 0 1 



1880 Sobolewskia Bieb. 0 1 



39. Tribe 11. AnchonieVe, or 

 NoTORHi'zEiE Loment A^CEiE. 



lig. 0. herb. 3. £ 4 feet. 



1881 Goldbachm Dec. 0 1 



1882 Sterigma Dec. 0 2 



40. Suborder I IT. ORTHO- 

 PLO^CEM {qrthos, upright, 

 ploke, fold; cotyledons). 



41. Tribe 12. Brassi'ce.e, or Or- 



TIIOPLO'cEjE SlLlQUoN.E. 



lig. 0. herb. 94. £23£feet. 

 1833 Zfrassica L. 0 *40 



Kk 2 



1884 Sinapis Tou. 



1885 Moricandia Dec. 



1886 Diplotaxis Bee. 



1887 Zruca Tou. 



0 *32 



0 1 



0 *11 



0 10 



42 



Tribe 13. Ve'lle^:, or Or- 



THOPLO v CEiE LaTISE'pTjE. 



lig. 0. herb. 2. j£l|feet, 



1888 ffllaL 



1889 BbleumDesv. 



1690 Carrichtera Adan. 0 *1 



1891 Succuwta Med. 0 1 



43. Tribe 14. Psych i'nejj, or Or- 



THOPLO^CEiE AnGUSTISE'FML 



lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 2 feet. 



1892 Psychlne Desf. 0 1 



44. Tribe 15. Zi'lle^e, or Ortiio- 



PLO^CEjE NlJCAMENTA. N CEiE. 



lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 2 feet. 



1893 Z'dla Forsk. 



1894 Muricaria Desv. 0 1 



1895 Calepma Adan. 0 1 



45. Tribe 16. RAPHAVEiE, or Or- 



THOPLO^CEiE Lo.MENTAYE/E. 



lig. 0. herb. 33. £ li^feet. 



1896 Crambe Tou. 0 

 1860 Zfapistrum Bauh. 0 



1898 Didesmis Desv. 0 



1899 Enarthrocarpus Lab. 0 



1897 iZaphanus L. 0 



*17 



46. Suborder IV. SPIROLO y - 

 BE2E (speira, a spire, lobos, a 

 pod; cotyledons). 



47. Tribe 17. Bunia^dejE, or Spi- 

 ROLO^BEjE Nucamenta v ce.e. 



lig. 0. herb. 3. H 3§ feet. 



1900 Zfunias L. 0 3 



48. Tribe 18. Erucarie\e, or Spi- 



ROLO V BEiE LOMENTAYEjE. 



lig. 0. herb. 3. £ 3 feet. 



1901 Erucaria Gae. 0 3 



49. Suborder V. DIPLECO- 

 LiTBEJE {diplax, double, lobos, 

 a pod ; cotyledons). 



50. Tribe 19. Heliophi'le*:, or 



DlPLECOLO^BE.E SlLIQUO^S.E. 



0. herb. 17. }£6£feet. 



1902 Heliophila L. 0 17 



51. Tribe 20. Subularie\e, or 



DlPLECOLO^BEjE LaTISE PT/E. 



lig. 0. herb. 1. ^1 foot. 



1903 SubulariaZ,. 0 *1 



52. Suborder VI. SCHIZOPE- 



TA^LEJE. 

 1816 Schizopetalon Sims. 



