518 



NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



natives of damp ditehes or way-sides, in cool parts of the world ; in the tropics they are extremely rare 

 The simplicity of their structure, and uniformity of their appearance, have rendered their classification 

 a matter of very great difficulty. It has been attempted in modern days by Sprengel, Lagasca, Koch, 

 and Decandolle, all of whom have added much to our knowledge. The arrangement of Koch and De- 

 candolle is here adopted as the most perfect, upon the whole, of any yet published. The culinary and 

 agricultural importance of many species is well known ; the parsnep and carrot form a large part of the 

 staple winter store of the inhabitants of Europe, as the Arracachas do of those of South America ; and 

 the Prangos of Thibet is supposed to be the most important and productive of any in the whole world, as 

 a forage plant. The medicinal properties of Umbellifera? are not more powerful than they are at variance with 

 each other. While the seeds of some are aromatic, and stimulating in the highest degree, the fresh roots and 

 leaves of others are not less narcotic. This has been supposed to arise from the difference in the state of the 

 sap in different parts of the plant ; and it has been thought that the narcotic principle is only to be found in 

 the ascending sap, while the aromatic stimulant properties are found in the juices, which are fully elaborated 

 and matured. It has been already observed, that their dangerous properties are often removed by cultivation ; 

 the common celery is a familiar instance of this ; but the most remarkable, that of ffinanthe pimpinelloides, a 

 most dangerous species when wild 5 which is cultivated about Angers for the sake of its roots, which are there 

 called Jouanettes, and about Saumur, where they are known by the name of M^chons. The roots of some 

 Umbellifera? contain a large proportion of sugar; those of the carrot, when dried, more than an eighth ; those 

 of the parsnep just an eighth ; and those of the chervil about eight parts in 100. Galbanum, Opopanax, and 

 Assafcetida, are all the produce of different species of Umbellifera?. Division or seeds, sometimes by cuttings. 



271 Suborder I. ORTHOSPE R- 

 MJE {orthos, straight, sperma, 

 seed ; form). 

 272. Tribe 1. Hydrocotyli'ne.e 



Spr. Koch. 

 273. Subtribe 1. Hydrocotylce. 

 lig. 0. herb. 4. £ 2 ft. 



863 Hydroc6tyle L. *0 4 

 867 Trachymene Bud. 



864 Bowles/a R. & S. 



274 Subtribe 2. Mulince. 

 866 Drus« Dec. 



865 Spananthe Jac. 



275. Tribe 2. Sanicu'le.e Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 35. £ H| ft. 



846 Actinotus Lab. 



823 Sanicula L. *0 3 



886 Astrantia L. 0 6 



839 Dondia Spr. 0 1 



822 Zryngium L. *0 25 



276. Tribe 3. Ammi'ne*: Koch, 



diss. 



lig. 1. herb. 113. £ 3 ft. 5 £ 24 ft. 



888 Pumia Hofm. 0 1 



851 Cicuta L. *0 4 



3319 Zizia Koch 0 1 



855 ^pium L. *0 4 

 3330 Petrosellnum Hofm. *0 3 



847 Trinia Hofm. *0 3 

 3316 Helosciadium Koch *0 5 

 3318 Drepanophfllum Hofm. 1 

 3315 Ptychotis Koch 0 4 



849 Slson L. *0 5 



850 Schultzm Spr. 0 1 

 841 i'mrai L. 0 8 



856 iEgopbdium Z. *0 1 

 859 Carum L. *0 3 

 831 Punium L. *0 4 



836 PimpinellaZ. *0 11 



837 Tragium Spr. 0 7 

 829 LedebunY* Lk. 0 1 

 828 OlivermVen. 0 1 



848 Slum L. *Q 9 

 3312 Conopodium Koch 0 3 



861 Pupleiirum L. *0 33 



862 Tenbna Spr. 1 0 



277. Tribe 4. Seseli'ne*: Koch, 

 lig. 0. kerb. 93. £241 ft. 



833 ffinanthe L. *0 15 



838 Phellandrium L. 



*0 



1 



869 ^EthusaP. 



*0 



4 



844 SeseliX. 



*0 



27 



860 Cnidium Cus. 



0 



7 



3325 Trochisanthes Koch 



0 



1 



835 ^4thamanta L. 



0 



12 



875 Zagusticum L. 



*0 



13 



3317 Brignblirt Bert. 



0 



1 



3323 Molopospermum Koch 0 



1 



3324 Levisticum Koch 



0 



1 



3328 Silaus Bes. 



*0 



3 



832 Wallrotlu'a Spr. 



0 



2 



857 il/eum Tou. 



*0 



4 



834 CrithmumP. 



0 



1 



278. Tribe 5. ANGELicEiE 

 Koch. 



lig. 0. herb. 25. £ 13J ft. 

 874 Angelica L. *0 7 



3321 Archangelica Hofm. *0 2 



3322 Ostericum Hofm. 0 1 

 873 Selinum L. 0 14 



?872 Thysselmumipj/ra. 0 1 



279. Tribe 6. Peuceda^ne2E 

 Koch, diss, 

 lig. 0. herb. 93. £271 ft. 

 3329 Opopanax Koch 0 1 



880 Ferula L. 0 18 



3326 Ferulago Koch 0 2 



882 Peucedanum L. *0 24 



870 Imperatbria L. *0 3 



871 Caliisace Fis. 0 1 



842 Pubon L. 



858 Jnethum L. 0 6 



853 Capnophyllum Gac. 0 1 



883 Pastinaca L. *0 8 



884 Hexacleum L. *0 28 

 887 Zosimia Hofm. 0 1 



280. Tribe 7. Tordyl1ne;e Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 11. £71 ft. 

 868 Ulosp<?rmum Lk. 0 1 

 878 Hasselquist/a L. 0 2 



885 Pordyliumi. *0 5 

 3331 Condylocarpus Hofm. *0 3 



281. Tribe 8. Sileri'ne;e. 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 3 ft. 



3327 SVler Sco. 0 1 



282. Tribe 9. Cumine^: Koch,diss. 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 1 ft. 



843 Cumlnum L. 0 1 



283. Tribe 10. Thapsie\e Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 28. £16ft. 



845 2'hapsiai. 0 7 



881 Zaserpitium L. 0 19 



3320 Melanoselinum Hofm. 0 1 

 879 Artedia L. 0 1 



284. Tribe 11. Daucine^e Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 23. £ 121 ft. 



3313 Orlaya Hofm. 0 3 



825 Daucus L. *0 17 

 3332 Platysp^rmum Hofm. 0 3 



285. Suborder II. CAMPYLO- 

 SPE'RMJE (kampylos, curved, 

 sperma, seed ; form). 



286. Tribe 12. Caucaline^e Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 16. £91 ft. 



826 Caucalis L. *0 8 



3314 Turgenia Hofm. *0 1 



827 Tortlis Gae. *0 6 

 ?840 Trachyspermum Lk. 0 1 



287. Tribe 13. Scandicinete Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 37. £15ft. 



819 Scandix L. *0 6 



820 ^nthriscus Pers. *Q 10 



821 Chaerophyllum L. *0 20 

 830 Myrrhis Mor. *0 1 



288. Tribe 14. S.my'iine.e Koch. 

 lig.0. herb. 2D. £13 ft. 



717 LagceVia L. 0 1 



828 Olivers Ven. 0 1 

 824 Echinophora L. *0 3 



2898 Arctbpus L. 



889 Cachrys L. 0 10 

 891 i/ippomarathrum Lk. 0 1 



890 Agasyllis Spr. 0 1 

 2873 Hernias Thun. 



852 Coniumi. *0 2 



3419 Pentacrypta Leh. 



877 Pleurosp^rmum Hofm. 0 1 



854 Smyrnium L. *0 7 



876 Physospermum Cus. *0 2 



289. Suborder III. COILOSPE'R- 



MJE {koilos, channelled, sperma, 

 seed; form). 



290. Tribe 15. Coria'ndreje Koch, 

 lig. 0. herb. 1. £ 3 ft. 



818 Biforis Spr. 0 2 



817 Coriandrumi. 0 1 



291. Order XCIX. ARALIA v CEiE. 



Genera 7, Species 43 ; Hot-house Species 26 ; Green-house Species 5 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 7 j 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 5. £ 15 feet ; £ 6 feet; ^ 0 feet. 



Araha.cea3 are a slight divergence from the well-known Umbellifera?, with which they nearly agree in habit, 

 except in being usually frutescent, and from which they are obviously distinguished by their 5-celled fruit. 

 1 heir flowers have no beauty, but the foliage of many is extremely fine, especially of the species of Sciodaphyl- 

 tt 1 "^ of our common iv y m ust not be omitted. Their medicinal properties are much the same as those of 

 Umbellifera?, except the fruit, which differs in virtues as it does in botanical structure. Their bark exudes an 

 aromatic gum resin, as in Aralia umbellifera. Their roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavor of parsnep. 

 ine ramous ginseng, which is produced by a Panax, is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative, and even 

 apnrodisiacal qualities ; but it is probable that these have been greatly exaggerated. Cuttings, layers, roots : 

 some by division. 



^nE£^" a > xZ - T 0 2 I 911 Aralia i. 2 3 I 3386 Adamia WaL 



»0b Cusson/o L. H66 Gastimw J. 718 i/edera L. *5 0 



912 Sciodaphyllum Br. \ 



