THE EXTERNAL CHARACTERS OF THE LEMURS. 



19 



4. On the External Characters of the Lemurs and of 

 Tarsius. By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S. 



[Received March 5, 1918; Read March 5, 1918.] 

 (Text-figures 1-16.) 

 Table of Contents. 



Page 



Introduction 19 



The Muzzle and the Rhinarium 20 



The Ear 22 



The Facial and Carpal Vibrissge 24 



The Glands of the Fore Limb 25 



The Hands and Feet 27 



TheSublingua 36 



The Anus and its Glands 40 



The External Genitalia of the Male 42 



The External Genitalia of the Female 47 



General Conclusions and Systematic 51 



Introduction. 



The materials upon which this paper is based are mainly the 

 lemuroid Primates which have died in the Zoological Gardens 

 during the past ten years or so. Representatives of practically 

 all the commonly imported menagerie species of the group have 

 passed through my hands in that time, namely, species belonging 

 to the genera Chiromys, Chirogaleus, Lemur, Galago, Perodicticas, 

 and Nycticebus. For the loan of examples of Hemigcdago and 

 Tarsius 1 am indebted to Prof. Wood- Jones, the Society's 

 Prosector. I am also indebted to Mr. Oldfield Thomas and to 

 Prof. J. P. Hill for the chance to examine other specimens of 

 Tarsius. I have not, however, been able in all cases to see repre- 

 sentatives of both sexes of the species ; and of many admitted 

 genera, notably Microcebus, Mixocebus, Lepilemur, and Loris, no 

 specimens have come to hand. TJiis applies also to the three 

 genera of Indrisidse (Indris, Propithecus, Lichanotus), which, like 

 l y arsius, seem to be intolerant of captivity even in their own 

 countries. The external characters of the Indrisidae, however, 

 have been tolerably fully described and illustrated in Milne- 

 Edwards and Gratididier's great work on the Fauna of Mada- 

 gascar. From this I have freely borrowed. Unfortunately no 

 text accompanies the numerous plates on the various species of 

 LemuridsB published in that work. Of other treatises dealing 

 with the Lemurs on a comprehensive scale the most important 

 is the paper by Mivart and Murie (Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. 1872), in 

 which some of the external characters of a few diverse types are 

 dealt with from the comparative point of view. * The rest of 

 the bibliography consulted consists mostly of special memoirs on 

 particular species, like Owen's paper on Chiromys, Burineister's 



