116 



DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



the point where the lateral rows of papillae would meet the mid 

 line if produced backwards and inwards ; the pharyngeal or 

 glandular part stretches from that point to the glosso-epiglottic 

 fold. Sometimes the smooth mucous fold from the tongue to 

 the epiglottis is regarded as a third zone (Owen) *. 



The relative proportions which these two divisions bear to one 

 another differs, but the former is always the larger. Of all the 

 tongues which I examined, the greatest disparity between them 

 existed in the Indian Fruit Bat, in which the oral part measured 

 4*7 cm., whereas the pharyngeal part was only •4 cm. long. 



The Apex." 



The apex may be round, flat, or pointed, and it may be entire 

 or notched, the latter being small, narrow and deep, or wide and 

 shallow. It always bears papillae, but these are not always 

 visible to the naked eye. In the Red-fronted Lemur, the 

 papillae are conical and connected to a brush-like set of fine 

 ridges on the inferior surface. In the Californian Sea-Lion, the 

 long conical papillae lining the broad apical notch are very 

 noticeable. In the Tantalus Cercopitiieque, the apex is closely 

 set with prominent fungiform papillae. 



Text-figure 6, 



INDIAN ABrSSINWN 

 FRUIT BAT CERCOPITHEgue 



. r'^\ r 



CALf-^-?V'ri/ BROWN TANTALUS GALEOPITHECUS 

 LEMUR aRCOFITHEQUE 



The different forms exhibited by the ai)3x of the tongue. Note also the median fissure 

 takinfj the form of a line of separation betv\een two lateral masses of conical 

 papillae in the Californian Sea- Lion. 



In Galeopithecus, and some of the Cetacea, the apex is lobu- 

 lated, and the lobules are fine in the former^ but large and 

 prominent in the latter. From the notches between the lobules 

 in Galeopithecus, fine fissures pass backwards and inwards across 

 the inferior surface of the tongue. Such an arrangement is of 

 value for cleaning the posterior surface of the incisor teeth. 

 It is difiicult to discover the function of the large lobules on the 

 tongues of the Cetacea, however. 



In some tongues — e. g.^ the Capromys — -the apex bears numerous 

 follicular apertures. 



When the tongue is protruded in most animals the apex is 

 seen, but tlie Elephant's apex is bound down to the floor of the 



* Sir Tlif;hard Owen, 'The Comparative Anatoni}' of the Vertebrata,' vol. iii. 

 p. 2U1. 



MAfi FOX 



