122 



DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



the lateral vallate papillse. When veins are visible, they pursue 

 the same course as the arteries (text-fig. 11). 



The fresh papillae look like delicately tinted glass balls, but the 

 preserved ones are dead white in colour. 



The Fungiform Papillce. 



The fungiform papillte, which have a bright red colour in the 

 fresh tongue, are more numerous than the circumvallate and 

 fewer than the conical papillfe, and they do not exhibit the same 

 diversity of types as the other forms. They vary in appearance, 

 number, and arrangement. 



They are small globular bodies lying in depressions of the 

 mucous membrane, and are sessile or pedunculated. They project 

 for a variable distance above the surface of the dorsum. In most 

 cases the projecting part is hemispherical, but the complete 

 pedunculated papilla is seen in Man, the White-collared Man- 

 gabey, the Chimpanzee, the White-nosed Coati, and others. 



Text-figure 12. 



The difteveiit macroscopic appearances presented by the fungiform papillae. 

 Details in text. 



In Man and the Mangabey, the pedunculated papillae lie close to 

 the attachments of the faucial pillars to the dorsum ; in the 

 Chimpanzee they are at the back of the tongue, and in the Coati 

 they take the place of the apical vallate papilla. 



The papilla has a smooth, granular, or umbilicated surface, and 

 the umbilicus may be present in the sessile and pedunculated type 

 (text-fig. 12.). The different forms are not, however, charac- 

 teristic of any order of the Mammalia, and transitional types are 

 to be seen between them and the conical papillae. 



Fungiform papillae are present on the dorsum, lateral borders, 

 and, in many cases, on the bounding papillary zone of the 

 inferior surface. They are absent in Galeopithecus and the 

 Arctic Fox. and difficult to see in the Dog. 



As a rule they are situated at the apex, lateral parts, and 

 posterior division of the dorsum, and scanty or absent on the 

 central part. They are clustered behind the apex ; in the middle 

 third of the dorsum they are in transverse rows, and, at the 



