OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 



123 



posterior part of tlie lateral part, tbey are in oblique chains 

 passing forwards and outwards parallel to the row\s of vallate 

 papilla?. Those in the middle of the dorsum, in front of the 

 vallate papillary zone, are arranged in clusters as in Man, the 

 Macque Monkeys, and some of the Lemurs and Marmosets. In 

 the White- collared Mangabey, a V-shaped band of fungiform 

 papillae meets with the lateral organs on each side, and partitions 

 off the oral division of tlie dorsum from the pharyngeal part 

 (text-fig. 13). 



On the lateral borders of the tongue, the papillae are arranged 

 in a chain, and they may be prominent or insignificant. On the 

 inferior surface they may either have no definite arrangement, 

 or they may be disposed in rows, of which the inner one is of 

 large, and the outer one of small elements. 



Text-figure 13. 



MACAQf'ES MAiVGABEY 



Tlio arraiigcnieiit of tlie fungiform papillae. 



The fungiform papillse may be covered with secondary ones 

 and possess taste Inids. The histology will be described in the 

 future papers of this series. 



The Conical FajnllcE. 



The conical papillfe are the most numerous, and they vary 

 more than any other group in distribution, size, and form. 



In some of the Primates they are restricted to the oral part 

 of the dorsum, but in most animals they are on both oral and 

 pharyngeal parts. When they are present on the pharyngeal 

 part, they are more discrete than those on the oral division. 

 Moreover, the character of the papillse on the two parts may be 

 so different that the tongue can at once be referred to the family 

 to which the animal belongs. In the Felidse, for example, the 

 large recurved conical paj)ill8e on the oral part of the dorsum are 

 pathognomonic, but the Canid^e have small and medium-sized 

 papillae on the oral part, and long and shaggy ones on the 

 pharyngeal part. 



Arrangeme7it. — In most animals the papillfe are aggregated 

 into clusters behind the apex ; they are disposed in transverse 

 rows in the middle thiixl of the dorsum and in oblique rows in 

 the posterior third. They are, therefore, disposed in the same 

 manner as the fungiform papillae, but they are dotted over the 

 whole of the dorsum. 



