THE NEMATODE FAMILY GNATilOSTOMID.E. 



299 



tlie wild pig of Turkestan ixnd the domestic pig of Hungary, and 

 partly on descriptions of material from Hungarian pigs l)y 

 Csokor (1882), v. Katz (1900), and v. Linstow (1893), arnffrom 

 Roumanian pigs by Ciurea (1911). A paper by .Strose (1892), 

 and one by Collin (1893) in w hich he claimed to have fonnd this 

 species in the ox in Berlin, we have been unable to consult. The 

 last is of minor importance in that Collin later authorised 

 Wolftliiigel (1912) to withdraw this statement, since, in the cir- 

 cumstances under which the material was received, he could not 

 exclude the pig as the possible host. In these descriptions 

 variations from the subfamily and generic characters detailed 

 above (vide pp. 254, 291) have, as we believe incorrectly, been 

 described by v. Linstow and Ciurea. 



The anterior body-spines [vide Table YII., p. 302) have sub- 

 equal points, which accoi'dingly, as in Gnathosioma sjnnigerum, 

 terminate at about the same level. More posteriorly the median 

 point tends to become the longest (Fedchenko), the others 

 gradually disappearing, so that at about the postei'ior end of the 

 cesophagus the spines are simple but long. They extend as such 

 over the rest of the body except, judging by v. Linstow's figures, 

 the large caudal papillas of the male. Of these there are four pairs. 

 No. 1 being the smallest and separated by an interval from the 

 other three, which lie close togetiier and are of about the same 

 size (Ciurea). Of sessile papilhe Fedchenko figures a pair between 

 the ba.ses of Nos. 1 and 2 of the larger ones; v. Linstow omi*^s. 

 these but descril)es a. similar pair close to one another and anterior 

 to the cloaca! opening, while Ciurea., in addition to th.e two pairs 

 which we have described as generic characters, finds tln-ee more 

 pairs, two in front of ami one behind the cloacal opening. By all 

 these authors the termination of the tail is counted and described 

 as an unpaired median papilla. 



The vulva lies in the middle of the body (Fedchenko) or some- 

 what behind (v. Linstow) or in front of (Csokor, Ciurea) this 

 point. Csokor's description of the oesophagus suggests that the 

 anterior part of his specimens was niucli contracted, which ma}' 

 explain the anterior position of the vulva in them. We have 

 disregarded these statements in the description of the family. 

 Ciurea and v. Linstow agree in describing the egg as having a 

 hyaline appendage or wart- shaped structure at orie pole; the 

 former desci-ibes the outer surface of the shell as showing small 

 dimples, the latter finds it smooth. It is stated by v. Linstow 

 that in his specimens embryonic development had begun, and 

 tha.t at the vulva there were a, number of many-nucleated cells, 

 which have, however, in his figure an appearance very suggestive 

 of ova. 



Except for Collin's statement, later withdrawn, the described 

 habitat (Table YIII., p. 304) has always been the stomach-wall 

 of the pig, penetration into wdiich may be pa,rtial or complete, 

 the worms in the latter case (Fedchenko) Ijang between the 

 gastric tunics. 



