48 



"The upper and lower surface of the mine of T. malifoliella is 

 densely lined with silvery white silk. The excrement is deposited 

 without the mine, through one or more openings which are situated 

 at one end and on the lower surface of the mine. Within these clean 

 and comfortable quarters the larva passes j5,the winter. In the 

 spring the larva transforms to a pupa, at one end of the mine, 

 making no cocoon, and in a short time forces its way partly out 

 through the upper surface of the mine, and there gives forth the 

 moth. The tearing of either surface of the mine causes the larva 

 to die, as it seems bo and to get out if it can, and once out it can 

 neither return nor build a new mine." 



DESCRIPTION. 



''Larva (PL YI., Fig. 15).— Length, 5 mm. (.2 in.). Head small, 

 pointed, retractile, and bilobed. Form flattened and tapering to 

 the rear from the second or third thoracic segment. First thoracic 

 segment twice as wide as head, but not as wide as the second thor- 

 acic segment. The last three abdominal segments are rounder and 

 considerably narrower than any of the others. Between the first and 

 second, and second and third thoracic segments are distinct folds. 

 General color light green, with a brown, or even black, head. The 

 large dark markings represented in the figure on the first thoracic 

 segment are internal. No true legs, but four pairs of not very promi- 

 nent prolegs, also anal legs. Three hairs on each side of the thoracic 

 segment and two on each side of the remaining segments. Tentacu- 

 liform appendages and numerous hairs on anal segment. (PL VI., 

 fig. Ic.) On each side of the dorsal surface of the third, fourth, 

 fifth, and sixth abdominal segments there arise from the same 

 point two short stiff hairs. A prominent ridge on each side of 

 the lower, and two deep depressions on each of the thoracic seg- 

 anents." — Brunn {I. e.). 



Pupa — Mr. Brunn remarks that the pupa is unknown, the 

 tineid having proved with him so difficult to rear, that he "hes- 

 itated abt)ut opening many mines," and is, "therefore, unable to 

 describe the pupa." Out of a large number of mines examined, I 

 have found a single pupa, which may be described as follows : 



Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 1.2 mm. Antennal sheaths extending 

 nearly to posterior end of third segment from last. General color 

 light yellowish brown. A quadrangular space on dorsum of all the 

 segments from the first thoracic to the third from the last ab- 

 dominal, inclusive, has a darker brown ground color, the general 

 appearance of which is rendered still darker by the short, stout, 

 sharp-pointed tubercles with w^liich the surface is studded; color 

 of dorsum of head and thorax slightly darker than ventrum. Body 

 sparsely furnished with moderately long, somewhat spinose hairs. 

 On each side of front of head, which forms a blunt projection, 

 arises a sharp, curved, horn-like process, projecting forward and 

 outward, and which when viewed from the side is seen to be bi- 

 <lontatc. Tip of last abdominal segment flattened, and furnished 

 at edges with a row of short tubercles curving slightly forward. 



