47 



P. mahis, but omits it from the lists of those affecting Prunus and 

 Rnbns, giving under the three species of the latter, Tischeria 

 CEu^^ from which we may conclude that he had changed his 

 opinion about the identity of the forms found upon Pyrus and 

 Rubus, and had decided to consider them as distinct species. T. 

 roseiicola is also given in this list as feeding on "various species 

 of rose". 



In his "Index to the Described Tineina of the United States and 

 Canada," published in the same volume as the paper last mentioned, 

 Mr. Chambers gives these three species under their separate names, 

 and does not treat them as synonyms. 



Finally, in 1883, Mr. A. E. Brunn published, in the Second Re- 

 port of the Cornell University Experiment Station (pp. 155-157), an 

 article on the "Tineidae Infesting Apple-trees at Ithaca," in which 

 he gives an excellent account of the life history and habits of this 

 insect (under the common name of the Trumpet Mine of the 

 Apple), together with illustrations of the mine, larva, and imago. 

 Mr. Brunn states that this species is the "most abundant of the 

 Tineidae infesting the apple-trees at Ithaca, nevertheless it is not 

 abundant enough to do them any material injury." 



Of the mine and its inhabitant Mr. Brunn writes as follows: 



"The mine, (see PI. YL, Fig. la,) commencing in a glistening 

 spot where tlae egg was laid, continues for a short distance as a 

 narrow line, gradually growing wider, and then suddenly broadening 

 out into an irregular expanded portion or 'body of the mine,' the whole 

 having a trumpet-shaped appearance. The color of the mine on the 

 upper surface is usually some shade of brown, although I have some- 

 times observed it to be dirty white. From the under surface of the 

 leaf the mine would hardly be observed unless held up towards the 

 light or examined closely, when the mined portion of the leaf 

 would be seen to be of a lighter shade of green than the rest. 

 The linear portion of the mine on the upper surface is crossed by 

 crescent-shaped patches of white, which in many cases are con- 

 tinued for a short distance into the body of the mine. Often the 

 miner after commencing the body of the mine will turn and eat 

 around the linear portion, obliterating that part and causing the 

 mine to appear like a blotch mine. In such cases the white cres- 

 cent-shaped patches will be found somewhere in the body of the 

 mine, indicating the position of the linear portion. These white 

 markings are, however, wanting in some instances; but as the color 

 of the linear portion of the mine is a little darker brown than the 

 rest, we can still tell where the mine commenced. The position of 

 the mine on the leaf is variable, it may be along the edge of the 

 leaf causing it to curl over at that point, or along the midrib, or 

 else between these points. As the leaf dries the mine assumes a 

 tentiform shape. / 



* * * "If any foreign body is brought into contact with the 

 long hairs covering the larva, it will be observed to support itself 

 by some of its middle segments and rapidly vibrate the rest of the 

 body, — this probably being the only way to frighten off parasites. 



