46 



LITEEATURE. 



This abundant leaf miner was first described in 1860 by Dr. 

 Brackenridge Clemens (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliila., Vol. XII., p. 

 208). He states that the larva mines the upper surface of the 

 apple leaf, and that "the mine is flat, at least until the larva en- 

 ters the pupa state, and begins as a slender white line, dilating as 

 it increases, and is ultimately formed into an irregular brownish 

 colored patch which is somewhat extepded over the beginning. 

 This is then shown on the separated epidermis as a white line or 

 streak. The head of the larva is brown; the body uniform pale 

 green; first segment brownish, with a short vascular greenish 

 streak. When the pupation begins the leaf is thrown into a fold, 

 which is carpeted with silk, and the pupa lies within it. This 

 state begins about the latter part of September, and the imagO) 

 appears early in May." 



This* description was again published by Mr. Stainton in his re- 

 publication of Dr. Clemens's papers on "Tineina of North America." 



The species is next mentioned by Mr. V. T. Chambers, of Cov- 

 ington, Kentucky, in Vol. III. of the "Canadian Entomologist" (p. 

 208), where it is noted as having been bred "from leaves of dif- 

 ferent species of Haw (Crataegus), Sweet-scented Crab {Pyrus cor- 

 onaria), Blacy6erry {Rubus villosus), and Raspberry {Eubus occi- 

 denialis)y He adds that it probably mines other species of 

 Eosaceae. On page 50 of Vol. V. of the same journal Mr. C. 

 again mentions this insect in connection with several others that 

 "feed indifferently on the leaves of Crataegus, Prunus, and Malus;" 

 and in the sixth volume (p. 150) he makes a similar mention of 

 its food plants. 



In the Sietiiner Enhmologische ZeUung (Vol. XXXIV., p. 222), 

 Messrs. Frey and Boll publish a brief description of this insect 

 from specimens found by them in Germany mining the leaves of 

 apple-trees imported from America. 



There was next recorded an additional food plant of the species 

 — the dewberry {Ruhns canadcnisis) — by Mr. Chambers, in the 

 "Cincinnati Quarterly Journal' of Science" (VoL II., p. 111). He 

 adds: "Prof. Frey and Mr. Boll mention having bred a species 

 from the leaves of the blackberry {Eubus villosus), which they con- 

 sidered distinct from malifoliella, and described under the name 

 of T. cpM'a. They also state that they have bred an a|lied species 

 which they describe as T. roseiicola. The species froin the black- 

 berry I have known for several years. I have not considered it 

 distinct from malifoliella, Clem. ; and I regard the spejcimens bred 

 from all the species of Rubus, Crataegus, and Pyrus as belonging 

 to the same species — 7^. malifoliella, Clem. T. roseiicola, I have 

 not seen; I incline to doubt its specific difference from mali- 

 foliella ^ 



In an article on "Tineina and their Food-plants" (Bull. U. S. Geol. 

 <fe Googr. Survey, Vol. IV.) Mr. Chambers mentions this species in 

 the list of those feeding upon Crataegus, Pyrus coronaria, and 



