10 



the difference in the prevailing conditions of this year and those 

 of last, as affecting the codling-moth injuries in the orchard. I 

 have already given a general account of the differences between 

 the two years; and the manner in which these influenced the cod- 

 ling moth is exhibited in Table II., comparing the ratios of in- 

 jury in 1885 to four untreated trees bearing 6,825 apples in all, 

 with that to 4,916 apples on four untreated trees, in 1886. As 

 the experiments for 1885 related only to summer apples, and those 

 for 1886 to fall and winter varieties, there are two more observa- 

 tions (for September 20 and October 4) reported on the latter 

 than on the former. 



We notice in the first place the smaller ratio of injury for 1886 

 at the beginning of the seasou. The difference between the two 

 sets of trees, beginning July 16 at forty-six per cent, out of 

 fifty-one, diminishes rapidly to August 31, when it was twenty-five 

 per cent, out of eighty, and closes September 8 at thirty-eight ' 

 per cent, out of eighty-five. The total damage by codling moths 

 this year w^as seventy per cent, that of last year to fallen fruit, 

 and fifty-nine per cent, to picked fruit. This difference is due to 

 the fact that the crop of 1886 was very heavy, the trees setting 

 full in the spring and dropping a large percentage of merely 

 surplus fruit during the first four weeks; while the crop of 1885 

 was very light, and the trees were able to hold more of their 

 apples. 



PARIS GREEN, 1886. 



The experiments for 1886 to be first noticed, were intended to 

 bring out the comparative results of spraying once, twice, and 

 thrice with Paris green so early in the season as to avoid any 

 possible danger from the poisoning of the ripened fruit. Two . 

 sets of experiments were made for this purpose. In the first, 

 trees of the same variety (the Snow apple, or Fameuse) were 

 used both for the experiment and for the check; while in the sec- 

 ond series various varieties were treated, care being taken, how- 

 ever, to select the best available companion for each experimental 

 tree. 



We will first examine the Fameuse series, since this was 

 much the most uniform. It will be seen from Table III. that the 

 single spraying (made May 11) had a very appreciable effect upon 

 the damage by the codling moth even in the beginning of the 

 season, but was still more evident later. Without entering into 

 unnecessary details, it will be sufficient to say that the results 

 show a preservation to ripening, of fifty-five per cent, of the fruit 

 subject to tall from codling-moth injuries. It will be seen also 

 that there was a corresponding benefit evident in the condition of 

 the picked fruit, the damage on the tree not treated being forty- 

 five per cent, and that upon the sprayed tree twenty-two per cent. 

 The exceedingly low ratios of injury at the beginning of the sea- 

 son — a phenomenon whi(;h will be apparent throughout all the 



