84 



From larvse collected on apple in McLean county September 

 17, 1884, there emerged during October of the same year a lot of 

 slate-colored moths belonging to the form cindercila as described 

 by Riley; and March 20 of the present year (1886) I found the 

 same kind of moths (difPering from the freshly emerged specimens 

 only in having the reddish scale rubbed off) flying abundantly in 

 the same nursery. Again, from larvae collected in the Marion county 

 nursery mentioned above September 23 of the present year, the same 

 glistening gray moths have emerged, and are to-day (December 14) 

 alive in the breeding cage. Nor have we ever obtained the gray 

 form in summer or the orange form in autumn. 



Although these observations are somewhat isolated and fragmen- 

 tary I believe that that they are sufiicient to establish the fact of the 

 dimorphism and three-broodedness of Teras minuta upon apple ; and, 

 combined with the observations of other writers, I think they may 

 be said to prove the identit}^ and unity of habit of the three supposed 

 species upon whose life histories observations have been made, — 

 Teras malivorana (LeB.), T. vacciniivorcma (Pack.), and T. 

 Cinderella (Riley). 



Briefly summarizing these various observations, the life history of 

 the species may be outlined as follows: The eggs are laid in 

 spring on the unfolding lea;Ves of apple, cranberry^'wEortleberry, 

 and possibly other plants, the larvae soon hatching to devour the 

 tender foliage, of which they form a protective case. Here they 

 continue to feed for about a month, when they pupate within the 

 folded leaves, and about a week later emerge as orange moths. 

 These moths lay " eggs for another brood of larvae, the imagos 

 from which appear in August, being also of the same orange color. 

 These, in turn, lay eggs for a third brood of worms, which develop 

 during September, and emerge during October as glistening red- 

 dish gray moths which pass the winter in rubbish heaps, fence 

 corners, and similar places of concealment, and deposit eggs on 

 the unfolding leaves of the various food plants of the larvae ihe 

 following spring. Thus is completed this remarkable cycle of in- 

 sect life — one of the most curious recorded in the literature of 

 entomology. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



In Dr. LeBaron's' original article it is stated that Mr. Wier 

 had found a bug preying upon the larvae, which, from the descrip- 

 tion given, the Doctor doubtfully identified as Milyas [Harpador^ 

 cinctus. 



We have also bred five species of hymenopterous parasites from 

 the lesser leaf roller, all of which are apparently undescribed.* Dr. 

 Riley, who was kind enough to undertake the generic reference of 

 th(^ si>ecimens, writes that they belong to the genera Limneria 



•TIk-ho i)arnflitos havt; since be;-ii described by the writer in an article entitled: "On the Para- 

 sites of tl)e Fienser Apple-leaf Roller, Teras miiiu'a Robs.," bci g Art. 111. of Vol. III. of tlio Bulle- 

 tin of the Illinois State Laborator^^ Natural History. 



