29 



the manufacture of tobacco boxes. The common ^'button balls" are 

 made up of a number of seeds which mature about October. Sow 

 them as soon as ripe, and cover lightly, or keep them dry over winter 

 and plant early in spring. The seedlings may be planted when one 

 year old. 



BLACK WALNUT. 

 Juglans nigra, L. 



A tree valuable both for its w ood and its fruit. That it is almost 

 exterminated in Pennsylvania is well known and yet it is a fairly 

 rapid grower and readily propagated from seed. The nuts mature in 

 fall and after a slight frost may be picked up from under the old trees 

 in quantities. Where there is no serious danger from mice and 

 squirrels the nuts may be planted at once (after slightly bruising the 

 hull) in rows about a foot apart, and from four to six inches apart in 

 the row, for they branch early. To prevent the taproot from becom- 

 ing too long a close layer of stone may be laid before the nursery beds 

 are formed, or the plants may be started in boxes about six inches 

 deep, having holes in the bottom and sides to allow proper drainage. 

 Transplant when one year old. To keep the nuts over winter, re- 

 move the "hull" and mix them with moist sand and bury in the 

 ground. Plant as soon as taken up in the spring. Jf desired, the 

 nuts can be planted at once where the tree is intended to remain. 

 Locust, maple, beech, or catalpa could be mixed with it in the plan- 

 tation. It might be raised with field corn. 



The white walnut or butternut, having an oblong, pointed nut, may 

 be raised in the same manner. It will grow on both high and low 

 ground, whereas the black walnut rarely does well in a dry situation. 



SHELL-BARK, SHAG-BARK HICKORY. 



Carya alba, Nutt. 



Hicoria ovata, (Mill.) Britton. See Britton & Brown, Vol. I, p. 485. 



There are said to be nine species of hickory on the continent, but 

 there are only three that are of any importance to us. The shag- 

 bark, so called from the appearance of its bark, prefers rich, damp 

 soil and in such is a rapid grower. The fruit matures in October 

 and may then be gathered from under the trees. They should be 

 placed in moist sand and kept for spring planting. Because of the 



