12 



found markets in other states, but were demanded as important articles for 

 export to European cities. 



IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING. 



Besides the forests, the other natural resources of the State — coal, petro- 

 leum, gas, ore, stone, clay, and rich productive soil — have also influenced the 

 starting and growth of particular industries. These resources, with the 

 further advantages Pennsylvania offers through its harbors and waterways, 

 and a network of railway systems, making raw material accessible and 

 products easily marketed, have gained for Pennsylvania a commercial prestige 

 surpassed by only one other state. 



In the report of the 13th Census, taken in 1910, the Federal Government 

 shows the valuable farm products taken from Pennsylvania in 1909 to ap- 

 proximate nearly 166 J million dollars; the value of mlineral products, 

 including the output of mines, wells, and quarries, amounted to 226^ million 

 dollars; while for the same period the factories, 27,563 in number, gave an 

 added value to raw material of nearly 1^ billions dollars. Manufacturing 

 then is preeminently the first of Pennsylvania industries. 



The wood-using industries, with which this report deals, constitute one of 

 the important classes of the State's manufacturing enterprises. The value 

 of the commodities turned out by them, together with that of the rough 

 forest products produced, such as crossties, telegraph poles, etc., annually 

 approximate $100,000,000. Although this is small compared to the production 

 of factories using iron and steel, it is next in importance and indicates 

 clearly the part that forests and their affiliated industries have and are still 

 taking in the commercial development of the State. The capitalization of 

 these wood factories amounts to over $63,000,000, and they give employment 

 to nearly 100,000 wage earners, many of whom are skilled mechanics. It 

 is known that the continued operation of these industries depends upon the 

 future timber supply. And equally obvious is the fact that if these factories 

 have to shut down and move closer to other timber producing regions, the re- 

 sult will be general industrial depression and loss. 



FUTURE TIMBER SUPPLY. 



For more than fifty years lumbering has been actively carried on in Penn- 

 sylvania, and has been especially active for the past twenty-five years. 

 Valuable scattered tracts of old growth hemlock and hardwood timber are 

 still to be found in the State, but they represent only a small percentage 

 of its wooded area and before many years pass they will be consumed. It 

 is, therefore, recognized that the second-growth forests will have to be de- 

 pended upon to meet the demands of the manufacturer, and this can only 

 be made possible by the practice of forestry, according to a definite State- 

 wide policy similar to that which this State has already inaugurated. 



Studies by the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry of forest conditions 

 in the State, have pointed out vast areas like that contained in the State 

 forests already established, that are better suited to forest growth than for 

 agriculture. A large portion of these areas has a forest cover of valuable 

 young trees in situations most conducive to their rapid growth. By the same 

 practical and systematic management which is now being followed on the 

 established forests, all of these lands can probably not only maintain the 

 present lumber output of the State, but increase the production in a com- 

 paratively short time. In other words, the State, by looking to the future 

 timber supply, can continue her three fold industry of growing timber, cut- 

 ting it into lumber, and making it into commodities. 



