27 



Table 12. — Consumption of Western Yellow Pine, year ending June, 1912, 





Quantity. 



1,000 ft. 



factory. 



Grown in 

 Pennsyl- 

 vania. 



Grown Out 

 of Penn- 

 syltania. 









u 









Industry. 







ft 



d 









a 



cent. 



•age C0S1 

 factory. 



1 cost f 



a 

 a 



• 



a 

 s 





Feet 



ti 





Tota 





% 





<D 



Hi 



< 



fa 



0; 

 fa 



Boxes and crates, packing 



500,000 

 320,000 

 10,000 



60.21 



$20 00 

 34 94 

 45 00 



$10,000 

 11,180 





500,000 

 320,000 

 10,000 



38.56 

 1.20 







450 









Total, 



830,000 



100.00 







$26 06 



$21,630 





830,000 







HEMLOCKS. 

 Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) . 

 Although the cut in Pennsylvania is over 150 times the amount the manu- 

 facturers use, it is interesting to note than twenty-seven per cent, of the hem- 

 lock going into further manufacture came from other states. In 1912 Penn- 

 sylvania ranked third in the production of hemlock lumber , being surpassed by 

 Michigan and Wisconsin. Of the imported wood, West Virginia and New 

 York furnished the largest amount. This is the eastern species of the hem- 

 lock, that grows from Nova Scotia to Georgia and as far west as Minnesota. 

 It is light, brittle, cross grained, and coarse. It is more diflBcult to work 

 than the pines and has more of a tendency to warp and twist. It is, however, 

 strong and stiff and non-resinous, holds nails well, and is fairly durable. 

 It is cheaper than similar grades of the principal pines, and in the east 

 central states it is more largely used than any other wood for framing, 

 sheathing, and other uses of rough lumber in building construction. Among 

 the factories of the State, the box industry and that of the planing mills 

 use the largest amounts of this wood, but ten other industries demand small 

 quantities for a variety of purposes. 



Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) . 

 Another species of hemlock was found being used in Pennsylvania, and it is 

 interesting to note that it is the kind that grows only in the far western 

 states commonly known as western hemlock to distinguish it from the eastern 

 wood. This tree usually attains larger sizes than the eastern hemlock, but, 

 like the latter, is found in association with other species and seldom in pure 

 stands. It ranges from two to five feet in diameter and when cut into 

 lumber , generally classes higher , showing less defects than its eastern relative. 

 It is used by only one industry in Pennsylvania , the makers of tanks and silos. 



